Millets are essential for the health of people with diabetes and those at risk of developing it. To battle the global rising tide of diabetes, more scientific research studies must be conducted to determine the benefits and importance of mitigating many metabolic disorders. From the review, we identified bioactive compounds in five types of millet that appear to be a promising option for people with type 2 diabetes, as their glycemic index (GI) suggests a slower, more regulated release of glucose into the bloodstream, which can aid blood sugar regulation. Studies show that millet bioactive compounds have a direct effect on gut health and support the gut microbiome. It has the potential to increase levels of various probiotic bacteria, most commonly Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and Bifidobacteria, which aid in boosting immunity. Polyphenols present in millets have an anti-inflammatory effect and promote high insulin sensitivity, which is advantageous for patients with type 2 diabetes. These probiotics regulate different pathways, which ultimately affect insulin and inflammatory actions through immunomodulatory mechanisms. Nonetheless, human trials are required to fully understand the health benefits of millets and their mechanisms. To date, across current studies, five recommended millets, either consumed alone or in combination, have the potential to manage diabetes mellitus.
Millet-based dietary intervention modulates gut microbiota and inflammatory signalling to support glycemic control and healthy ageing
Millets like foxtail, finger, kodo, pearl, and barnyard offer low-glycemic, antioxidant-rich nutrition. They improve gut microbiota, immunity, and glucose control, making them promising functional foods for diabetes management and healthy ageing.