The use of nalbuphine, a mixed opioid agonist-antagonist, as an intrathecal adjuvant has garnered significant attention in recent years. Its role in enhancing analgesic efficacy, prolonging the duration of spinal anesthesia, and reducing opioid-related side effects presents a promising alternative in clinical anesthesia practice. This review article explores the pharmacological properties of nalbuphine, its mechanisms of action, and its clinical applications as an intrathecal adjuvant. Additionally, we evaluate the outcomes, safety profile, and limitations based on existing literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of its utility.
Nalbuphine as an Intrathecal Adjuvant: a Minireview
Intrathecal administration of adjuvants has become a cornerstone in modern anesthetic techniques to optimize pain control while minimizing side effects. Nalbuphine, a semi-synthetic opioid with mu-opioid receptor antagonistic and kappa-opioid receptor agonistic properties.