1. Introduction

When the stones hit the water, they generate concentric waves that move away from the source, as shown in Fig.1.

Fig.1.This an image of the water waves.

Gravitational_waves are heard by LIGO. The interferometer can hear gravitational waves, but gravitational_waves are invisible, this is the currently popular viewpoint. We can not be limited by this viewpoint; otherwise, physics would not be able to develop. In classical physics, a basic fact of gravitation is that two particles exert forces on one another. A point of view is the field concept, which regards a particle as modifying the space around it in some way and setting up a gravitational_field. Gravitational_waves are caused by the disturbance of the gravitational_field. Any hypothesis in physics must be tested through experiments. In order to explore this question, I performed experiments in this area.

2. Experiment

Flatten a small area on the surfaces where the two lead spheres will join, then press them tightly together. It was found that two lead spheres stick to each other, and even hanging a heavy object underneath will not be able to pull them apart, as shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2. The mass of each lead sphere is 150g. The mass of the heavy object is 200g.

This indicates that the gravitational effect between the two metal spheres is large.

We placed two steel spheres between the laser source and the screen, as shown in Fig.3. When a laser beam passing through the narrow gap between two steel spheres and creates a pattern of ripples on the screen of Fig.4, it is also like the image in Fig.1.

    Fig.3. The mass of each steel sphere is 3kg.                                            

    Fig.4. A pattern of ripples on the screen.

These ripples are caused by the disturbance of the gravitational_field between two steel spheres.

According to this point of view, these ripples as in Fig.4 might be called gravitational_waves in classical physics.

The width of the narrow gap between two steel spheres is 0.1mm, as shown in Fig.5. When a laser beam passing through the narrow gap between two steel spheres and creates a pattern of ripples on the screen, as shown in Fig.6.

    Fig.5. The mass of each steel sphere is 4.1kg.                                                      

    Fig.6. There are 6 bright ripples within the range  of 100mm.                                                                                            

The width of the narrow gap between two steel spheres is 0.4mm, as shown in Fig.7. When a laser beam passing through the narrow gap between two steel spheres and creates a pattern of ripples on the screen, as shown in Fig.8.

  Fig.7. The mass of each steel sphere is 4.1kg.                                                   

 Fig.8. There are 10 bright ripples within the range    of 100mm.                                                                                                                                      

Comparing Fig.6 with Fig.8, the width of the narrow gap increases, and the number of bright ripples increases within the range of 100mm.

The width of the narrow gap between two steel spheres is 0.1mm, as shown in Fig.9. When a laser beam passing through the narrow gap between two steel spheres and creates a pattern of ripples on the screen, as shown in Fig.10.

   Fig.9. The mass of each steel sphere is 3kg.                                                          

  Fig.10. There are 7 bright ripples within the range    of 100mm.                                                                                                                                      

Comparing Fig.6 with Fig.10, the mass of the steel sphere increases, and the number of bright ripples decreases within the range of 100mm.

3. Conclusion

From the above, it can be seen that gravitational_waves in classical physics have the following three characteristics:

(Ⅰ) gravitational_waves in classical physics are visible under the action of a laser, and ripples of gravitational_waves in classical physics consist of bright and dark bands or fringes;

(Ⅱ) the number of bright ripples is directly proportional to the width of the narrow gap between two steel spheres within a limited range;

(Ⅲ) the number of bright ripples is inversely proportional to the mass of each of two steel spheres within a limited range.

Einstein's theory of relativity is suitable for objects moving at high speeds. Under low-speed or static conditions, Newton's theory of gravity combined with the theory of gravitational_field should be applied.

Tao Tang

Email: TangTao-xw-yn@outlook.com

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9619-0042

The preprint of paper posted in <Optica Open>.

https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaopen.30353989