Microbial drama in four acts: Recovery of freshwater microbial communities after extreme rain events is mediated by cyclic succession

Published in Microbiology
Microbial drama in four acts: Recovery of freshwater microbial communities after extreme rain events is mediated by cyclic succession
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The calm before the storm 
Once upon time, when Michi (Michaela Salcherand I just moved to the Czech Republic, our boss Karel Šimek, famous protistologist and microbial spring succession specialist, came up with an idea. This had to be the best spring bloom story ever, a highly resolved study through all the planktonic groups, and supported by very detailed chemistry. “We will do it at a beautiful small pond,” he said“It is next to my holiday housein a picturesque surrounding with peat bogs and forests, and we could even go swimming after samplings! I should admit that with the last point he caught us, and we joined the planning. A big team of microbiologists, algologists, zooplanktologists, hydrologists and chemists was involved, as we wanted to be sure to capture the complete picture of the succession that follows a typical algal spring bloomSoon in our dreams, micro-plankton groups were appearing in expected order, dancing through the pond guided by increasing temperature and primary production and getting exchanged with their successors, and we were swimming joyfully with them. The time did not pass quickly enough, the perfect plan was developing in great detail and when spring finally arrived, we started the study. 

Inlet stream of the pond before the flood

Inlet stream of the pond during the flood

Collapse 
was the first of our big team to get disillusioned. Three times per week, I arrived slightly green for the sampling, because the road to the beautiful pond turned out to be in a rather damaged condition and too curvy for my vestibular apparatus. Two weeks later, Michi’s enthusiasm started to decrease as well. Instead of warming up to the temperature suitable for bathing the pond cooled down to 6°after 3 days of continuous raining. And when again, 10 days laterthe rainstorms returned with an additional temperature dropeven the toughest (and usually most optimistic) of ussuch as Karel, began to show signs of frustration. We had to say adieu not only to our swimming plans but to the entire spring succession concept. I can still remember that my limited Czech vocabulary got enriched by several robust expressions in those days.  

Reorganisation 
Despite grumpy mood, we persisted and continued the sampling campaign. It took uaround one week to realize that something even more precious than perfect spring bloom was captured – two perfect flood events with the subsequent community recoveryAnd our study approach was robust enough to be challenged with new hypotheses. At the end, the ambitious resolution of the sampling and involvement of many specialists was of crucial importance for an understanding of the detailed mechanism underlying functional and compositional resilience of the small pond after extreme rain events.  

Exploitation 
As result, we were able to connect the flow of nutrients, bacterioplankton dynamics and reorganization of higher trophic levels to the entire ecosystem development. Four well-defined phases of captured resilience cycle reflected the transition from the dominance of emigrant species during and shortly after the floodings to the prevalence of highly adapted bacterial groups in community assemblies during stable conditions. Thus, we show that small waterbodies have the potential of surprisingly fast and nearly complete compositional and functional recoveries, almost comparable with the persistence of our scientific team. Those pond features are of high importance for sustainable management and modelling of transformation and flow of organic matter and nutrientthrough the landscape especially in the context of increasing frequencies of extreme weather events caused by ongoing climate change. 

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