In our recent review published in Catal (2025), we present a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in ultrafine one-dimensional (1D) platinum group metal (PGM)-based nanostructures and their pivotal role in fuel cell electrocatalysis. These sub-5 nm nanowires exhibit unique anisotropic architectures, high atomic utilization, and exceptional structural stability, making them ideal candidates for next-generation energy conversion technologies.
We systematically discuss six advanced structural regulation strategies—high-entropy alloys, single-atom alloys, intermetallic phases, amorphous structures, core@shell architectures, and atomic heterojunctions—that enable precise control over electronic structures and active sites. These strategies have demonstrated remarkable improvements in catalytic activity, durability, and selectivity across key fuel cell reactions, including the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR), and formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR).
Key Insights:
- Atomic-level structural modulation is essential for unlocking high-performance electrocatalysts.
- Ultrafine 1D PGMs offer superior mass activity and CO tolerance compared to conventional catalysts.
- The integration of multiple design strategies enables tailored reaction pathways and enhanced kinetics.
- Despite significant progress, challenges remain in scalable synthesis and long-term operational stability.
- Future research should expand to rare PGMs and deepen mechanistic understanding under real-world conditions.
Significance of the Work:
This review aims to bridge the gap between atomic-scale design and practical application in fuel cell technologies. By highlighting the synergy between structure and function, we provide a roadmap for the rational development of cost-effective and durable electrocatalysts. Our insights are intended to inspire further innovation in clean energy catalysis and accelerate the deployment of sustainable fuel cell systems.
Authors & Institutions:
-
Xiyue Zhang, Wen Zhang, Fei Gao, Yangping Zhang
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China -
Xiaoqing Huang
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China