Did you know that certain plants and microorganisms have natural superpowers to clean up soils polluted with heavy metals like lead, cadmium, or mercury? This review explores the fascinating world of bio- and phytoremediation, where hyperaccumulating plants and metal-resistant microbes join forces to detoxify contaminated environments. From rhizoremediation to genetic engineering and microbial teamwork, discover the future of sustainable, living clean-up technologies.
In the face of growing heavy metal contamination in soils due to industrial and agricultural activities, sustainable solutions are urgently needed. This review, published in SN Applied Sciences, presents a comprehensive overview of bio- and phytoremediation—eco-friendly strategies that harness the natural abilities of hyperaccumulating plants and metal-resistant microorganisms to remediate polluted environments.
The article explores the physiological and molecular mechanisms employed by these organisms, including biosorption, phytostabilization, bioaccumulation, and chelation. Special attention is given to Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPMs) such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhizobium spp., which play a critical role in enhancing plant tolerance and metal uptake efficiency.
The review also highlights the potential of native Mexican plants like Ricinus communis (castor bean), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), and Prosopis laevigata (mesquite), recognized for their high biomass and tolerance to heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and zinc. On the microbial side, key species such as Cupriavidus metallidurans and Pseudomonas putida exhibit genetic adaptations for metal detoxification, making them prime candidates for rhizoremediation systems.
Finally, the study envisions next-generation remediation approaches incorporating genetic engineering, nanotechnology, and biochar amendments, paving the way for more efficient, targeted, and sustainable bioremediation technoly.
Read the full article here: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04911-y