Host Cell Metabolism Goes Viral: Unveiling How HEV Hijacks Your Cells

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis, with severity depending on the viral genotype. HEV-1 infection can be particularly severe during pregnancy, whereas HEV-3 is typically mild, except in elderly or immunocompromised individuals.

Our latest study (Glaziou et al., 2026, Mol Cell Life Sci) reveals that HEV hijacks host cell metabolism to fuel its replication:

  • TCA cycle, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), fatty acid metabolism, and β-oxidation, are extensively rewired.
  • Lipid storage organelles expand, long-chain neutral lipids accumulate, and pro-inflammatory oxylipins surge.
  • HEV relies on lipid-fuelled OXPHOS rather than glycolysis.
  • Distinct metabolic programs for HEV-1 versus HEV-3, aligning with their differential pathogenicity.

These findings highlight critical host metabolic vulnerabilities exploited by HEV and provide a roadmap for targeting metabolic hubs as therapy.

Interestingly, while our previous work in placental models (Gouilly et al., 2018, Nat Commun) showed HEV-1 triggers inflammatory damage at the maternal-fetal interface, the placenta is a highly active metabolic organ, and how HEV reshapes its metabolism remains an exciting question for future studies. 

Takeaway: HEV doesn’t just infect—it reprograms, fuels, and manipulates host metabolism to thrive. Understanding these strategies could point to novel therapeutic interventions.