BMC Biology is calling for submissions for the Collection on small RNA structure and regulation. Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piwi interacting small RNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs are crucial regulators of gene expression in a variety of biological processes. These short, non-coding RNAs play a significant role in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, influencing pathways that govern development, differentiation, and cellular responses to environmental stimuli. As they are involved in the modulation of gene silencing and regulatory networks, understanding their structure and function is essential for elucidating their contributions to cellular homeostasis, host-microbe interactions, and disease.

Research in small RNA biology has made significant strides in recent years, unraveling the complexities of small RNA pathways, their biogenesis and their regulatory functions across different species. Advances in multiple cutting-edge technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, massively parallel enzymatic assays, Cryo-EM, and computational tools such as artificial intelligence, have facilitated the identification and characterization of novel small RNAs across diverse organisms. These technologies have also enabled the exploration of detailed and exciting mechanisms of small RNA pathways at cellular, molecular, and atomic levels on a large scale. Furthermore, studies on miRNA functions in various cellular and organismal contexts have deepened our understanding of their roles in health and disease. These developments underscore the importance of continued research into small RNA mechanisms to unlock their therapeutic potential.

As research in this field progresses, we anticipate breakthroughs that could revolutionize our understanding of regulation of gene expression involving small RNAs. Future studies may uncover novel small RNA species, elucidate their roles in complex regulatory networks, and inform innovative therapeutic strategies for diseases linked to dysregulated small RNA pathways.

Potential topics for submission include, but are not limited to:

Mechanisms of small RNAs biogenesis

Structural insights into small RNAs

Epigenetic modifications regulating small RNAs

Functional genomics of small RNAs

Roles of RNA-binding proteins in shaping small RNA function

Mechanisms of miRNA and siRNA regulation

Cross-talk between different small RNA pathways

Gene expression regulatory networks involving small RNAs

Advanced methods for small RNA sequencing, analysis and gene target prediction

Extracellular small RNAs: secretion mechanisms and potential functions

Therapeutic potential and applications of small RNA

All manuscripts submitted to this journal, including those submitted to collections and special issues, are assessed in line with our editorial policies and the journal’s peer review process. Reviewers and editors are required to declare competing interests and can be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists.

BMC Biology is calling for submissions on our Collection on Human microbiome in health and disease. The human microbiome plays a crucial role in maintaining health. Comprising trillions of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, the microbiome influences various physiological processes, such as metabolism, immune function, and even mental health through pathways like the gut-brain axis. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have enabled researchers to explore the intricate relationships between the microbiome and human health, revealing its potential as a target for therapeutic interventions.

Continuing to advance our understanding of the human microbiome is essential for developing novel strategies to prevent and treat diseases. Significant progress has been made in identifying specific microbial signatures associated with conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer, as well as understanding the impact of antibiotics on microbial diversity. These insights have opened new avenues for personalized medicine, where microbiome profiling could guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.

As research in this field progresses, we can anticipate exciting developments, including the potential for microbiome-based therapies, such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, to become mainstream treatments. Furthermore, ongoing studies may uncover the role of the microbiome in modulating responses to immunotherapy in cancer patients, leading to more effective and tailored treatment approaches.

Potential topics for submission include, but are not limited to:

The role of the gut, oral, skin, and vaginal microbiome in health and disease

Microbial ecosystems and their impact on the immune system

The gut-brain axis: implications for mental health

The connection between the microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases

Evolution of the human microbiome across different populations

Effects of antibiotics on microbiome diversity

This Collection supports and amplifies research related to SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being.

All manuscripts submitted to this journal, including those submitted to collections and special issues, are assessed in line with our editorial policies and the journal’s peer review process. Reviewers and editors are required to declare competing interests and can be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest exists.