Stosiak, M., Bury, P. & Karpenko, M. The influence of hydraulic hose length on dynamic pressure waveforms including wave phenomena. Sci Rep 15, 31548 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17433-z

 Steel hoses of various lengths were tested, with the frequency of pressure waves varied for a fixed hose length, and pulsating flow was generated by a positive displacement pump. At certain hose lengths, outlet pressure pulsations were amplified while inlet pulsations were attenuated, demonstrating hydraulic resonance. The analysis was conducted using a four-piece hydraulic model, and experimental verification showed excellent agreement with the model predictions. Hose vibrations induced by the pulsating flow were also recorded. The results highlight critical hose lengths and excitation frequencies to avoid resonance, reducing vibrations and environmental impact. These findings provide guidance for designing precise, reliable hydraulic systems and serve as a basis for modeling more complex configurations.