The Turing Test is recognized as a black-box examination for Artificial Intelligence (AI). Anyone acquainted with modern science may find this unsatisfactory, as the underlying principles of intelligence and AI are of interest. Lovelace's succinct statement, therefore, implies a prerequisite for AI: the capacity for free will to generate original ideas or products.
Consider a puppet, whose arms are not self-governed. Even if it possesses intelligence and devises a smart method to move its arms, it cannot utilize this intelligence and must obey the commands dictated by the puppeteer's strings. Consequently, free will is essential for the effective use of intelligence.
Turing countered this argument by asserting that humans, too, do not truly create anything new. If determinism holds, all actions, including those of agents, are predetermined by the distant past and natural laws. Hence, our actions are not genuinely new either. Bringsjord argues that computers cannot generate things in the same way humans do, even though they occasionally surprise us with rare hardware errors and the like.
With these considerations, I explored scholarly articles on free will and discovered that contemporary realists of free will disagree with Turing. Philosophers such as Van Inwagen and Kane do not believe that free will is compatible with determinism.
Pereboom and Kane posited that a free will incompatible with determinism is superior and more desirable than the version Turing or compatibilists propose.
Therefore, is it possible for us to possess such free will? Do we have a unique capability that could exempt us from compatibilism?
The study reveals that intentional objects, or noema as termed by Husserl, are not necessarily predetermined. For instance, one can envision a world devoid of war, despite the current reality of conflict. If determinism holds true, the present world with war must be predetermined, implying that the noema of a war-free world cannot be a predetermined state. This transcendence is referred to, by me, as numerical and set transcendence of noema over actual physical states.
This understanding offers the potential to conceive truly novel concepts. To realize this potential, it is essential to diligently explore and make substantial progress in areas such as consciousness, free will, physics, mathematics, and so forth.