In the process of global rapid urbanization, the population has surged, and the urban impervious surface area has increased, followed by the frequent occurrence of urban heat island (UHI) effect, extreme climate, high temperature and heat waves, which seriously affect human comfort and threaten human health. The UHI effect refers to a phenomenon that the urban temperature is higher than the rural temperature, which has received extensive attention from Chinese and foreign scholars in recent years. However, in the research on the influencing factors of UHI, most of them are based on the role of a single factor such as land use type, climate, urban ventilation, etc., but there is a lack of research that combines multiple factors to explore the mechanism of UHI. Therefore, a comprehensive study of multiple influencing factors is necessary.

When discussing the effects of local climate zones (LCZ) and sea-land winds on UHI, we found that the day and night UHI intensity (UHII) corresponding to the LCZs of the building type is larger than that of the natural type LCZs. Meanwhile, based on the sea-land wind speed calculated from the meteorological stations data, the correlation between day and night UHII and the sea-land wind speed was discussed. The results showed that the sea wind could weaken the UHI effect, and the land wind could enhance the UHI effect.

NUHII is the nighttime UHII and DUHII is the daytime UHII.

(a) land breeze, (b) sea breeze.

Therefore, we comprehensively considered the effects of LCZ and sea-land winds on the day and night UHI, and analyzed the differences of the effect on different gradients. We found that regardless of the type of LCZ at the meteorological station, the overall trends in the sea breeze wind speed and UHII values were inversely proportional, i.e., the greater the sea breeze wind speed, the smaller the UHII. Meanwhile, for the same LCZ type, areas farther from the coastline have lower sea breeze wind speeds and greater UHII values. However, the land breeze wind speed and UHII were relatively positively correlated, i.e., the land breeze wind speed increased as the UHII increased. Meanwhile, for the same type of LCZ, stations farther from the coastline had lower land breeze wind speeds and a lower overall decrease in the UHII.

SID-LCZ indicates the station number and the type of LCZ to which it belongs, DIS stands for the distance between the station and the coastline, SWS and LWS represent wind speed of sea and land respectively, DUHII and NUHII respectively represent the intensity of day and night heat island.

In summary, both LCZ and sea-land winds will have an impact on UHI, and the influencing factors on UHI need to be studied comprehensively. Through a combination of various factors, the mechanism of action of UHI is discussed, in order to provide reference for urban planning and rational layout.