Thermal safety of energetic materials is a critical concern in the design, storage, transportation, and application of high-energy compounds such as propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. Energetic materials are highly reactive and can undergo violent decomposition under thermal stimulation, which poses a significant hazard in accidental fire scenarios. When exposed to external heat flux, these materials may experience complex processes including melting, pyrolysis, gas generation, ignition, and combustion. The onset of self-sustaining reactions or thermal runaway is often linked to the generation and accumulation of heat exceeding the material’s heat dissipation capacity. During thermal decomposition, energetic materials can release substantial quantities of heat and gas, contributing to pressure buildup and secondary hazards. Therefore, the study of their thermal decomposition mechanisms, safety thresholds, and combustion behavior is essential for assessing the risks and preventing catastrophic incidents. Understanding the thermal safety characteristics of energetic materials is fundamental for the safe lifecycle management and regulation of these hazardous substances. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: decomposition kinetics and reaction pathways of energetic materials, fire and explosion risk evaluation, thermal stability enhancement strategies, and advanced modeling of thermally induced events.

This Special Issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research addressing emerging trends, challenges, and innovations in thermal sciences and energy-related applications. The issue provides a dedicated platform for researchers, scientists, and engineers to disseminate original findings and exchange insights that advance the understanding of heat transfer mechanisms, thermal systems design, and sustainable energy technologies. The scope of this Special Issue spans a broad range of theoretical, computational, and experimental investigations that contribute to the development and optimization of modern thermal and energy systems. Contributions showcasing novel materials, advanced computational models, data-driven techniques, nanofluid applications, and innovative thermal management solutions are particularly encouraged. Topics of Interest (but not limited to):

Thermal systems and advanced heat transfer processes

Renewable energy–based heat transfer units

Heat transfer in bioengineering and biomedical applications

Reactive flows involving heat and mass transfer

Multiphase, particulate, and complex fluid flows

Heat transfer and transport phenomena in porous media

Thermal enhanced oil recovery and petroleum reservoir modeling

Desalination technologies and thermal water treatment processes

Heat transfer in turbulent, transitional, and mixed convection flows

Thermal control and management in manufacturing and industrial systems

Thermophysical characterization and transport properties of nanofluids

Stability, rheology, and preparation techniques of mono- and hybrid nanofluids

Solar collectors, photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems, and solar-assisted thermal devices

Applications of mono- and hybrid nanofluids in sustainable and advanced energy systems

Data-driven modeling, AI/ML-based prediction, and optimization of thermal and nanofluid performance

Multi-objective optimization, metaheuristic algorithms, and intelligent design frameworks

This Special Issue invites high-quality manuscripts, including original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and case studies that address both foundational concepts and emerging applications in the domain of thermal sciences and sustainable energy technologies. We welcome contributions that offer new insights, propose innovative methodologies, or demonstrate impactful engineering applications.