Toxicology is undergoing a profound transformation as the field moves beyond reliance on conventional animal testing toward more human-relevant, mechanistically informed, and efficient approaches. New approach methodologies (NAMs), including in vitro systems, omics technologies, computational modeling, in silico prediction, and integrated testing strategies, are increasingly reshaping how chemical hazards are identified, characterized, and interpreted. At the same time, regulatory science is evolving to consider how these tools can be applied in ways that are scientifically robust, transparent, and fit for decision-making. This collection aims to highlight recent advances in the development, evaluation, and application of NAMs across diverse areas of toxicology and regulatory science. We welcome contributions that improve mechanistic understanding of toxicity pathways, support hazard identification and prioritization, refine dose-response assessment, or strengthen exposure-informed risk evaluation. Particular interest is given to studies that demonstrate the regulatory relevance, readiness, interpretability, and limitations of NAM-based approaches in real-world contexts. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, cell-based and organotypic models, high-throughput screening, transcriptomics and other omics-based profiling, physiologically based kinetic modeling, computational toxicology, artificial intelligence-assisted methods, defined approaches, integrated approaches to testing and assessment, and case studies that support next-generation risk assessment. Submissions addressing validation, uncertainty, reproducibility, data integration, and regulatory translation are also strongly encouraged. By bringing together original research, reviews, perspectives, and methodological advances, this collection seeks to provide a platform for interdisciplinary dialogue on how NAMs can strengthen contemporary toxicology and accelerate the transition toward more predictive, efficient, and human-relevant regulatory practices.

Keywords: New approach methodologies; Regulatory science; Computational toxicology; In vitro toxicology; Omics; High-throughput screening; Physiologically based kinetic modelling; Integrated approaches to testing and assessment; Next-generation risk assessment; Chemical hazard assessment

Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS), formerly known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder that affects women across all populations. While genetic and metabolic factors contribute to its development, increasing evidence suggests that exposure to endocrine disruptors plays a significant role in disease onset and progression. These chemicals can interfere with hormonal signaling, ovarian function, metabolic homeostasis, and reproductive health, making them an important focus of toxicological research.

This Collection aims to bring together high-quality research exploring the relationship between endocrine disruptors and PMOS. We welcome original research articles, reviews, perspectives, and brief reports investigating how endocrine-disrupting chemicals influence endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive pathways involved in PMOS. Studies on bisphenols, phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pesticides, dioxins, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, nanoplastics, and other emerging contaminants are particularly encouraged.

The Collection seeks contributions addressing molecular and cellular mechanisms, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic regulation, endocrine signaling, ovarian dysfunction, insulin resistance, metabolic alterations, and reproductive toxicity associated with endocrine disruptor exposure. Studies employing in vitro models, animal models, organoids, omics technologies, biomarker discovery, and advanced analytical approaches are highly encouraged.

Clinical, translational, and epidemiological studies that enhance our understanding of the association between endocrine disruptors and PMOS are also welcome, particularly when they provide mechanistic insight or support evidence from experimental studies. In addition, submissions focusing on novel therapeutic interventions, preventive strategies, and regulatory perspectives related to endocrine disruptor exposure are encouraged.

By integrating experimental, clinical, and translational research, this Collection aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current advances in endocrine disruptor research and their implications for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of PMOS.

This Collection supports and amplifies research related to SDG 3.

Keywords: Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS); Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS); Reproductive toxicology; Mechanism of action; Ovarian dysfunction; Environmental toxicology; Biomarkers