We designed and built a breakthrough instrument called INSPECT3R, which is a device that can see inside planetary surfaces in 3D with no need to drill or dig. Using high-energy neutrons as powerful probes and advanced particle imaging techniques, INSPECT3R reveals what lies on and beneath the surface, layer by layer, identifying elements and even buried objects with stunning precision. In recent tests using lunar soil simulants, the system measured and distinguished different minerals placed side by side, layered structures, and imaged a buried meteorite in full 3D, marking a major leap beyond any previous planetary nuclear spectrometer. This technology could revolutionize how we explore the Moon, Mars, and other worlds by helping scientists uncover geologic secrets, search for signs of life, and even locate and characterize resources for future astronauts and the building of permanent extraterrestrial bases. Read the full article here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s44453-025-00012-x