Saving the Tree-Dwellers: Where Wild Orchids Thrive in Bangladesh's Forests

This study tracked 21 wild epiphytic orchid species across 4 Protected Areas in northeastern Bangladesh and discovered that orchids are highly selective about their homes, heavily favoring tall host trees with extensive branches and thick bark—as they offer better stability, moisture, and sunlight.

Published in Plant Science

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Springer Nature Singapore
Springer Nature Singapore Springer Nature Singapore

Wild epiphytic orchid diversity and phorophyte preference along micro-environmental gradients in north-eastern protected forest areas of Bangladesh

Understanding epiphytic orchid diversity and their ecological associations with phorophytes is critical for effective forest conservation. This study assessed species richness, diversity, and orchid-phorophyte interactions along eight micro-environmental habitat variables (phorophyte height, BDH, bark thickness, phorophyte crown height, orchid attachment height, nearest forest edge distance, canopy coverage & elevation) across four protected forest areas in northeastern Bangladesh: Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary (RKWS), Lawachara National Park (LNP), Satchari National Park (SNP), and Khadimnagar National Park (KNP). A total of 21 wild epiphytic orchid species within 12 genera were recorded, hosted by 74 tree species across 31 families. RKWS and LNP exhibited the highest species richness (20 species each), with RKWS also having the highest Shannon Diversity Index (2.84) and evenness (0.95), indicating a balanced and diverse orchid community. KNP demonstrated the lowest diversity (H’ = 1.945) and species richness (9 sp.), indicating a fragmented ecosystem. Rank–abundance curves identified the most abundant orchid species, including Cymbidium finalaysonianum in RKWS and Dendrobium lindleyi in LNP. phorophyte specificity analysis revealed Aerides and Cymbidium as generalists occurring on 26 phorophyte species, while Camarotis and Phalaenopsis were specialists, found on only 3 phorophyte species. Artocarpus emerged as the most supportive host, associating with 11 orchid species. Micro-environmental factors such as phorophyte height, crown height, bark thickness, and orchid attachment height showed significant positive correlations with orchid abundance. PCA and Mantel tests indicated that environmental gradients, particularly edge distance and altitude along with variables like- canopy coverage and phorophyte diameter, influenced orchid distribution patterns. These findings depicted that both phorophyte diversity and habitat microclimatic conditions play vital roles in the colonization and sustainability of wild epiphytic orchid populations. Conservation strategies should prioritize maintaining phorophyte diversity and favorable microhabitat conditions to ensure the persistence of these epiphytic orchid species under environmental change scenario.

The Spark and the Two-Year Journey

For two long years, this project consumed the lives of a dedicated research team.
  • The team spent months trekking through dense, humid jungles.
  • They walked rugged trails across four national forests.
  • They carefully tracked 21 rare orchid species.
  • The fieldwork spanned from mid-2023 all the way to late 2024.

 

Three Students, One Mission

A professor is only as strong as their research lab. Three brilliant students poured their hearts into the dirt and canopies of Bangladesh:
  • They dodged rain, heat, and insects to set up circular sample plots.
  • They measured giant host trees, bark thickness, and canopy shadows.
  • They worked as a tight unit to gather flawless, honest data.

 

Rabeya's Devotion: Owning the Dream

While everyone worked hard, one student truly stood out. Rabeya Khatun did not just do the work—she owned it.
  • Pure Passion: Rabeya personally identified the tricky epiphytic orchids (orchids that grow on trees) out in the wild.
  • Total Devotion: She braved every difficult forest trail with absolute energy.
  • Stepping Up: Because she handled the science with such deep care, she earned the ultimate academic honor.
  • The Joint Leader: She co-led the writing and handled the tough publication process as a corresponding author alongside her mentor.

 

A Proud Milestone

Seeing a student grow into a true peer is the greatest reward for a teacher. By sharing the role of corresponding author, this paper stands as a beautiful monument to student empowerment, hard work, and a shared love for nature. Congratulations to Rabeya, and the whole team on this hard-earned success!

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Plant Ecology
Life Sciences > Biological Sciences > Plant Science > Plant Ecology

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