Trauma exposure, Post traumatic stress disorder, Resilience and Post traumatic growth among refugees in Kyaka II settlement, Western Uganda

Uganda is a leading refugee host country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Whereas some refugees show remarkable resilience amidst various adversities before, during, and after flight from their home countries, others suffer post trauma challenges such as PTSD while others go on to experience positive outcomes
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Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, resilience and posttraumatic growth among refugees in Kyaka II settlement, Western Uganda - Discover Psychology

Introduction Uganda is a leading refugee host country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Whereas some refugees show remarkable resilience amidst various adversities before, during, and after flight from their home countries, others suffer post trauma challenges such as PTSD. In some contexts, positive outcomes following exposure to, and actual consequences of traumatic events have been reported, but in Uganda there is a dearth of research on posttraumatic growth among refugees. In this paper, we sought to examine the relationship between trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, resilience and posttraumatic growth among refugees in Kyaka II settlement in Uganda. Methods A cross sectional correlational study involving 181 participants, 100 females, employed standardized researcher administered questionnaires to measure Trauma exposure, PTSD, Resilience and PTG. Data were analyzed using SPSS: Pearson’s correlations and PROCESS macro for the serial mediation (direct and indirect paths). Result Refugees reported exposure to various traumatic events. Majority of participants showed severe to very severe levels of PTSD (66.3%); low resilience (64.1%) and low PTG (96.6%). Trauma exposure was negatively associated with PTG and resilience while positively associated with PTSD. In the serial mediation model, trauma exposure significantly predicted lower resilience (b = -0.30, SE = 0.06, p < .001) and higher PTSD (b = 0.30, SE = 0.07, p = .0001), as well as lower PTG (b = -0.61, SE = 0.11, p < .001). Resilience was associated with lower PTSD (b = -0.87, SE = 0.09, p < .001) and higher PTG (b = 0.83, SE = 0.11, p < .001), while PTSD was negatively associated with PTG (b = -0.53, SE = 0.07, p < .001). All indirect paths in the mediation model were statistically robust. After controlling for relevant demographic covariates, education level significantly predicted PTG. Conclusion The majority of refugees still experience high levels of PTSD symptoms several years after settling in Uganda, indicating the pervasive impact of trauma on their wellbeing. Recommendations include culturally sensitive and effective trauma focused interventions as well as comprehensive accessible community mental health services to restore normal functioning, build resilience and PTG for the affected refugees.

The research journey was a learning and insightful experience. Which involved immense teamwork, patience and resilience all qualities that got us to this point. We were amazed by the willingness of the participants, and we must say we were and are grateful as this may not have been possible if it wasn't for their courage and for trusting us get into their experiences. In addition, the responsiveness and support from the office of the prime minister to access the settlement was highly commendable and very much appreciated. 

During and after the data collection process which broadened our curiosity and insights where we were tested by the language but pushed through, some intriguing questions came up such as: "Do Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms linger?", "Should we adapt culturally responsive interventions?", "What aspects or factors influence Post traumatic growth among refugees?", "What more or other psychosocial support interventions can we offer?". The goal of this research is to learn how best we can improve our policies and interventions to support refugees.

Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, resilience and posttraumatic growth among refugees in Kyaka II settlement, Western Uganda | Discover Psychology | Springer Nature Link

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