Pierre Millard

Researcher, INRAE
  • France

Intro Content

Molecular Systems Biology

Overflow metabolism: Why cells waste nutrients—and why it’s not really waste

Cells often appear to waste nutrients by releasing them as useless, and sometimes toxic, by-products—a phenomenon known as overflow metabolism. Far from being mere waste, these molecules also play vital roles in nutrition, communication, and survival across bacteria, yeast, and human cells.

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