Voices of Recovery: Understanding Speech and Swallowing Challenges in Oral Cancer Survivors

Our prospective study evaluated how tumor site and treatment type affect speech, swallowing, and mastication in oral cancer survivors. Using longitudinal QOL assessments, we identified high-risk groups needing tailored prehabilitation and rehabilitation strategies to optimize survivorship outcomes.
Voices of Recovery: Understanding Speech and Swallowing Challenges in Oral Cancer Survivors
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Assessment of Speech and Swallowing Impairments in Oral Cancer Survivors: Correlation with Tumor Site and Treatment Type - Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas treatment often results in significant functional impairments in speech, swallowing, and mastication, influenced by tumor site and treatment modality. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal impact of these factors on functional Quality Of Life in oral cancer survivors. A prospective study enrolled 56 patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Functional impairments were assessed using a validated head and neck cancer- specific Quality Of Life questionnaire at four time points: baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 6 months post-treatment. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and regression analysis were used to evaluate correlations between tumor site, treatment modality, Reconstructive Surgical Procedures, and functional outcomes in speech, swallowing, and mastication. Tumors of the tongue and floor of mouth were associated with significantly greater impairments in speech and swallowing (p < 0.05). Patients undergoing free flap Reconstructive Surgical Procedures and multimodal therapy (surgery combined with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) exhibited more severe long-term functional deficits compared to those with primary closure or surgery alone. Longitudinal analysis showed progressive improvement over 6 months, though functional scores remained lower in the tongue cancer subgroup. Tumor site and treatment modality significantly influence post-treatment functional Quality Of Life in oral cancer survivors. These findings highlight the need for prehabilitation and site-specific rehabilitation strategies to enhance long-term survivorship outcomes.

India faces one of the world’s highest burdens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), predominantly due to the widespread use of smokeless tobacco. While oncological outcomes have improved, many survivors are left with profound speech, swallowing, and masticatory dysfunctions that drastically impair their quality of life. These issues often go under-recognized in clinical practice, despite their impact on psychological well-being, social reintegration, and nutritional status.

Our study sought to fill this gap by longitudinally assessing functional impairments using a validated tool — the EORTC QLQ-H&N43 — and correlating outcomes with tumor site, treatment modality, and reconstructive surgical procedures. We aimed not only to quantify the deficits but also to identify high-risk subgroups who could benefit from targeted rehabilitation or even pre-treatment interventions ("prehabilitation"). By identifying factors associated with worse outcomes — such as tongue and floor-of-mouth tumors, advanced-stage disease, free flap reconstruction, and multimodal therapy — we provide a roadmap for personalizing care beyond the tumor itself.

In a country where patients often present in advanced stages and resources are limited, such insights are critical to integrating functional survivorship into routine oncology.

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Quality of Life Research
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Health Care > Quality of Life Research
Head and Neck Surgery
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Clinical Medicine > Otorhinolaryngology > Head and Neck Surgery
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Surgery > Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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