In this study, we investigate how magnetic exchange coupling can be engineered in high-entropy spinel oxides to enhance magnetic-field-assisted oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. By tailoring local coordination environments through compositional regulation, we reveal the critical role of magnetic interactions in governing OER activity under external magnetic fields. Combining operando characterization and theoretical calculations, we establish a structure-property relationship that links local coordination evolution, electronic structure modulation, and magnetic exchange interactions to improved electrocatalytic performance.

Key Insights

• High-entropy spinel oxides with compositions (FeCrMnCoNi)₃O₄, (FeCrMnCoZn)₃O₄, and (FeCrMnZnNi)₃O₄ were synthesized to systematically investigate the origin of magnetic-field-enhanced OER activity.
• Zn incorporation effectively regulates the local Co–O coordination environment while preserving the spinel crystal framework, providing a powerful strategy for tuning magnetic exchange interactions.
• (FeCrMnCoZn)₃O₄ exhibits the highest saturation magnetization (11.2 emu g⁻¹) and demonstrates the strongest response to an external magnetic field among the catalysts studied.
• Under a 3000 G magnetic field, (FeCrMnCoZn)₃O₄ achieves the largest decrease in OER overpotential, indicating superior magnetic-field-assisted catalytic enhancement.
• Operando Raman spectroscopy reveals reversible potential-dependent evolution of local metal-oxygen coordination environments during OER while maintaining structural integrity of the spinel lattice.
• The most significant local coordination reconstruction occurs in (FeCrMnCoZn)₃O₄, highlighting its greater structural flexibility under reaction conditions.
• Density functional theory calculations show that Zn-modified Co environments induce pronounced redistribution of Co-centered d-orbital electronic states, strengthening magnetic exchange coupling and facilitating spin-dependent electron transfer.
• The catalytic enhancement observed under magnetic fields arises from the synergistic interplay of local coordination evolution, electronic structure regulation, and magnetic interactions, rather than intrinsic catalytic activity alone.
• The work establishes local coordination engineering as an effective approach for designing magnetic-field-responsive electrocatalysts with improved oxygen evolution performance.

Why This Matters

Magnetic-field-assisted electrocatalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for improving water-splitting efficiency, yet the fundamental mechanisms controlling magnetic enhancement remain poorly understood. This study demonstrates that tailoring local coordination environments in high-entropy oxides can effectively regulate magnetic exchange interactions and catalytic behavior. The findings provide important design principles for developing next-generation magnetic electrocatalysts for renewable hydrogen production and sustainable energy-conversion technologies.

Looking Ahead

Future research opportunities include:

• Expanding magnetic exchange coupling engineering to a broader range of high-entropy oxide systems.
• Developing catalysts with stronger magnetic responsiveness and greater electrocatalytic efficiency.
• Leveraging operando characterization techniques to track local structural evolution under magnetic fields.
• Exploring the interplay between spin polarization and charge-transfer processes during electrocatalytic reactions.
• Integrating computational screening and machine-learning approaches to accelerate the discovery of magnetic-field-responsive catalysts.
• Applying magnetic-field-assisted catalyst design principles to other electrochemical reactions beyond OER.

Authors & Affiliations

Authors

Siqi Xie, Bingshuai Fu, Mengxin Chen, Siteng Wang, Linlin Li, Liyan Zhao, Yuanyuan Zhang, and Ping Xu.

Affiliations

• State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
• Key Laboratory for Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China.

Corresponding Authors

Mengxin Chen
Email: 20250169@hit.edu.cn

Yuanyuan Zhang
Email: zhangyy@hrbnu.edu.cn

Ping Xu
Email: pxu@hit.edu.cn

How to Cite This Article

Xie, S., Fu, B., Chen, M. et al. Enhanced oxygen evolution by magnetic exchange coupling modulation of high‑entropy spinel oxides. Catal 2, 21 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s44422-026-00034-w