BMC Women's Health: Measurement of cervical cancer quality indicators using a population-based linked dataset in New South Wales, Australia 

Cervical cancer care requires consistent monitoring to ensure patients receive timely, effective treatment. Quality indicators help assess healthcare performance, identify gaps in clinical practice, and improve patient outcomes. However, measuring these indicators across large populations remains challenging because of limitations in available healthcare data.

A recent study in BMC Women's Health examined whether linked population-based health records could effectively measure cervical cancer care quality in New South Wales, Australia. Analysing data from 527 patients, researchers found that only 16 of 93 published quality indicators could be measured using existing datasets. Furthermore, just two of eight indicators with established benchmarks met their targets. Survival rates at one, three, and five years were 87%, 71%, and 64%, respectively. Increasing age, Australian birth, advanced cancer stage, and squamous cell histology were associated with poorer survival. 

These findings highlight significant limitations in using existing population-level datasets to evaluate cancer care. The researchers emphasize the need for more detailed institutional and multidisciplinary data collection to strengthen quality monitoring and identify opportunities for improvement. Despite gaps in meeting certain benchmarks, cervical cancer survival in New South Wales remained comparable to other jurisdictions. 

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth: In search of social belonging: a qualitative study of drivers of alcohol use and barriers to alcohol reduction among pregnant women in South Africa 

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy remains a serious public health concern, particularly in communities where drinking is deeply embedded in social relationships and cultural practices. In South Africa, understanding the social pressures and structural challenges influencing maternal alcohol use is essential for developing effective prevention strategies.

A recent qualitative study in BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth explored factors contributing to alcohol use during pregnancy in Saldanha Bay, a community in South Africa's Western Cape. Through discussions with healthcare providers and community leaders, alongside interviews with male partners and drinking peers, researchers identified six interconnected themes. Partner drinking strongly influenced women's alcohol consumption, while the desire for social acceptance and fear of isolation often outweighed pregnancy-related health concerns. Misinformation, poverty, violence, and emotional stress further complicated efforts to reduce drinking. Participants also expressed support for peer-led interventions involving trusted women with lived experience. 

The findings suggest that addressing alcohol use during pregnancy requires more than individual behavioural change. Researchers recommend community-based interventions that actively engage partners, challenge misinformation, and provide sustained, non-judgmental support throughout pregnancy, helping women make healthier choices without compromising their sense of social belonging. 

BMC Zoology: The scent of love: unlocking the power of fertile odour to boost ruffed lemur conservation 

Conservation breeding programmes play an important role in protecting endangered wildlife, but reproducing natural mating conditions in captivity can be challenging. For ruffed lemurs, environmental differences between zoos and natural habitats may influence reproductive behaviour, making innovative approaches to breeding enrichment particularly valuable. 

A recent study in BMC Zoology investigated whether scents associated with female fertility could encourage reproductive behaviour among captive ruffed lemurs. Researchers identified 12 volatile compounds characteristic of fertile female red ruffed lemurs and used these findings to develop a biologically relevant scent enrichment. The enrichment was introduced to four zoo-housed groups of red and black-and-white ruffed lemurs. Behavioural observations and hormonal measurements revealed mixed effects on animal welfare, but sexual behaviours increased significantly. Notably, mounting behaviour was observed in males, and two females became unexpectedly pregnant following the study. Although testosterone levels increased, the change was not statistically significant. 

These findings suggest that fertility-related scent enrichment could offer a promising approach to improving conservation breeding practices. By incorporating naturally occurring reproductive cues into captive environments, zoos may be able to encourage mating behaviour and potentially support the long-term conservation of ruffed lemurs. 

BMC Infectious Diseases: Pneumococcal serotype distribution and diagnostic yield of serotype-specific urinary antigen detection in adults with CAP in Switzerland, 2016–2021: a prospective cohort study 

Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a major cause of illness and death among adults worldwide. Although vaccination has reduced disease burden, changes in circulating bacterial strains and limitations in conventional diagnostic methods continue to challenge effective disease detection and prevention. 

A recent study in BMC Infectious Diseases investigated pneumococcal strain distribution and diagnostic accuracy among 234 adults with community-acquired pneumonia in Switzerland. Researchers evaluated a serotype-specific urinary antigen detection test alongside conventional diagnostic methods. Among 161 patients with results from both approaches, adding the new test increased pneumococcal detection from 18.6% to 29.2%. Serotypes 3, 8, and 11A were most frequently identified. Importantly, the proportion of detected serotypes not covered by the older PCV13 vaccine increased substantially during 2020–2021. Based on the observed strain distribution, the newer PCV20 vaccine offered broader potential coverage than PCV13. 

These findings highlight the value of enhanced diagnostic testing for identifying pneumococcal pneumonia and monitoring changing bacterial strains. Although based on relatively few cases, the results suggest that higher-valency vaccines could strengthen adult pneumonia prevention strategies and support more informed vaccination policies. 

BMC Geriatrics: Suicidal ideation and associated factors in early and late onset late life depression 

Depression among older adults is a significant mental health concern, particularly because of its association with suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Understanding whether depression beginning earlier or later in life influences suicidal ideation could help clinicians identify vulnerable individuals and improve mental health support. 

A recent study in BMC Geriatrics examined suicidal ideation among 100 adults aged 60 years and above diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Participants included 51 individuals with early-onset depression and 49 with late-onset depression. Researchers found significantly higher suicidal ideation scores among those with early-onset depression. However, further analyses revealed that the number of previous depressive episodes was positively associated with suicidal thoughts, while depression severity showed no statistically significant association. Individuals with recurrent depression also reported significantly greater suicidal ideation, suggesting that recurrence history may be more influential than the age at which depression first develops. 

These findings highlight the importance of considering patients' lifetime depression history when assessing suicide risk in older adults. However, the relatively small sample and overlapping effects of depression onset and recurrence warrant cautious interpretation. Further research could help clarify these relationships and inform more targeted mental health assessments.