Microplastic exposure reduces productivity in freshwater integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems

This study investigates how feed-borne and water-borne polyethylene microplastics affect biomass production and functional performance in a freshwater integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system including rainbow trout, freshwater mussels, and duckweed.
Microplastic exposure reduces productivity in freshwater integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems
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Microplastic exposure reduces multi-trophic biomass yield in a freshwater integrated aquaculture system - Aquaculture International

Freshwater integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems are increasingly used to enhance nutrient utilization efficiency; however, their performance under microplastic (MP) exposure remains poorly characterized. This study evaluated the effects of water-borne and feed-borne polyethylene (PE) MP (10–20 µm) on biomass production and filtration performance in a three-compartment freshwater IMTA system comprising rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), freshwater mussels (Unionidae), and duckweed (Lemna minor). Fluorescent spherical MPs were applied in four treatments (n = 3 tanks per treatment): control (no MPs), feed-borne MPs (5 particles per 100 g feed), water-borne MPs (35 particles L⁻1 at fish-tank inflow), and combined exposure. The exposure phase lasted 45 days with 15-day sampling intervals, followed by a 45-day depuration phase. Fish growth responses differed modestly among treatments during exposure, with transient reductions observed in MP-exposed groups relative to the control at intermediate sampling points. Mussel filtration capacity showed limited variation among treatments, with no consistent treatment-specific suppression across time. Duckweed biomass accumulation was lower under combined exposure compared with the control, whereas variability was higher in MP treatments during early growth stages. An integrated multi-trophic performance index calculated from terminal measurements indicated moderate reductions in overall system productivity under combined exposure relative to the control. During depuration, growth trajectories across treatments converged. These results indicate that elevated microplastic exposure can influence biomass distribution and productivity within freshwater IMTA systems, particularly under combined exposure scenarios.

Freshwater IMTA systems are increasingly promoted as sustainable aquaculture models because they improve nutrient recycling and support biomass production across multiple trophic levels. However, the consequences of microplastic contamination for the overall productivity of such systems remain insufficiently understood.

In this study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of polyethylene microplastic exposure delivered through feed, water, and combined pathways in a freshwater IMTA system composed of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), freshwater mussels (Unionidae), and duckweed (Lemna minor). The exposure phase lasted 45 days and was followed by a 45-day depuration period.

The results showed that microplastic exposure generated measurable but route-dependent effects across trophic compartments. Fish growth responses were modest overall, although transient reductions in average daily gain and feed efficiency were observed in exposed groups during the exposure phase. Freshwater mussels showed lower per-capita filtration performance under combined exposure, while duckweed biomass production was reduced most clearly in the combined treatment. When these responses were integrated at the system level, the combined feed- and water-borne exposure produced the greatest reduction in overall IMTA productivity.

These findings suggest that microplastic contamination may alter biomass distribution and functional performance in freshwater integrated aquaculture systems, especially when multiple exposure routes occur simultaneously. The study contributes to a better understanding of how emerging contaminants influence sustainable aquaculture design, trophic interactions, and system resilience.

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Aquaculture
Life Sciences > Biological Sciences > Ecology > Ecosystems > Marine Biology > Aquaculture
Agriculture
Life Sciences > Biological Sciences > Agriculture
Pollution Remediation
Life Sciences > Biological Sciences > Ecology > Environmental Chemistry > Pollution Remediation
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Research Communities > Community > Sustainability > UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) > SDG 14: Life Below Water

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Sustaining Life Below Water: Conserving, managing, and protecting our marine and freshwater resources

In support of the UN Sustainable Development Goal SDG14 we are calling for submissions for this new collection on Sustaining Life Below Water

Plastic waste, overfishing, ocean acidification, increasing eutrophication are some of the major threats endangering our oceans, rivers and lakes. With this collection we aim to create a cross-disciplinary home for research articles, perspectives, and emerging topics addressing the conservation and sustainability of the use of our marine and freshwater resources. By putting scholarship supporting this UN Goal in the spotlight we hope to increase the scientific knowledge and awareness of the targets and indicators set by the UN Goal such as reducing marine pollution, strengthening resilience, restoring coastal ecosystems, minimizing the impacts of ocean acidification, reducing destructive fishing practices, providing access for small-scale fishers to marine resources and markets and more.

We call for submissions on (but not limited to) the following topics:

•Biotelemetry and bio-logging

•Dam removal policy and development

•Economic benefits to Small Island developing States and least developed countries through sustainable management of fisheries, aquaculture and tourism

•Effects of reef degradation on ecosystem goods and services

•Environmental DNA and RNA

•Environmental flows

•Fish migration and passage

•Fisheries-induced evolution

•Floodplain management

•Hydropower mitigation

•Links between reef health and human health

•Methods and case studies and their scientific assessment, to manage, protect, and restore wetlands, to prevent and significantly reduce wetland pollution, in particular from land-based activities, including sedimentation from poor land-use, plastic and nutrient pollution

•Physiology and health of wild fish

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•Policy development in river and lake management

•Reducing/minimizing ocean acidification

•Regulating harvesting, ending of overfishing and destructive fishing practices, and science-based management plans to restore fish stocks

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•Strengthening resilience and restoration of coastal ecosystem Understanding and improving sustainable use of coral reef resources.

How to submit? Please use the Submit to this journal link from the participating journals. These journals can be viewed in the right menu. During submission you will be asked if you would like your article to be included in a Topical Collection. Select ‘Yes’ and select the name of this collection from the drop down menu: TC: Sustaining Life Below Water

Submissions to the collection may be original research articles, perspectives or review articles. Please read the submission guidelines for each journal before submitting. Each submission will undergo thorough and rigorous peer review according to each journal’s peer review editorial policy. Accepted articles will be published in their respective journal and will benefit from being cross-linked as well on the collection page.

The following journals are participating in this collection:

•Aquatic Ecology

•Aquaculture International

•Aquatic Sciences

•Coral Reefs

•Environmental Biology of Fishes

•Estuaries and Coasts

•Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

•Fisheries Science

•Hydrobiologia

•Journal of Applied Phycology

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•Journal of Ocean University China

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•Marine Biology

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•Maritime Studies

•Ocean Science Journal

•Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries

•Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Sciences

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Innovations in disease control and diagnosis

The journal Aquaculture International publishes a continuous Topical Collections on Innovations in disease control and diagnosis. We now call for papers covering Innovations in disease control and diagnosis. Some examples of review or original research papers that would be relevant to this call include:

• Developments in adjuvants for use with injectable vaccines

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HOW TO SUBMIT? Submit your article to one of the Topical Collection via Snapp – New Editorial Manager or by clicking on the Submit manuscript button on the home page of Aquaculture International During submission you will be asked if you are submitting to a Topical Collection.

Publishing Model: Hybrid

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