The Greatest Icon of Palaeontology: In Deconstruction
Published in Social Sciences, Ecology & Evolution, and Education
Scientific, technological, and educational practices can render the absent present through the construction of representations of aspects of the world that are not directly accessible to observation. Tyrannosaurus rex, for example, despite having been absent for 66 million years, persists as a spectre haunting the present through representations that circulate in films, video games, popular magazines, toys, social media content, and the scientific literature. It is probably the most familiar extinct animal to millions of people since the beginning of the twentieth century. Yet the strength of this familiarity produces a particular effect: little attention is paid to what may be read in representations of Tyrannosaurus rex beyond the obvious.
This question accompanied me as I revisited an object from childhood. In 1993, Nestlé launched in Brazil the Surpresa: Dinossauros line, consisting of cards featuring graphic-pictorial representations accompanied by palaeontological information. Released amid the dinomania fuelled by Jurassic Park, the line was remarkable for the persuasive quality of its images, which were produced manually by Brasílio Matsumoto and Rodrigo Leão. Decades later, the cards remain present in the memories of many people and are frequently mentioned in trajectories connected to biology, geology, and palaeontology. YouTube channels with thousands of followers, such as Eu Coleciono Dinossauros (203,000), Zoomundo (223,000), and Pirulla (1.2 million), have recently revisited the line, highlighting the enduring nature of its influence and its value as a scientific, technological, and educational artefact.
Many of these readings focus on evaluating which aspects of the representations remain correct or incorrect in light of contemporary palaeontology. In the article “Tyrannosaurus rex within an Interval in Which Deconstruction Takes Place”, I develop a different reading. The focus falls on the resources mobilised in the construction of the Tyrannosaurus rex representation featured in the line. Paradoxically, the attempt to observe how something is constructed reveals that deconstruction is already taking place from the very moment construction begins. This reading draws inspiration from the philosophy of Jacques Derrida.
For Derrida, signifiers do not possess fixed and stable meanings. Each signifier refers to others within a potentially endless chain of signification, never arriving at an ultimate meaning or definitive essence. The specific epithet rex, for example, refers to the signifier “king”, which may in turn evoke associations such as monarch, authority, empire, or power. Each of these associations opens further possibilities for signification. During the manuscript review process, an anonymous palaeontologist who has named new species for science observed that scientific names exist primarily to facilitate communication among scientists rather than to perfectly mirror the biology of the organisms they name. This observation enriched the discussion of the instabilities inherent in the scientific naming of Tyrannosaurus rex.
The scientific name constitutes only one of the elements explored in the article. Attention shifts to the graphic-pictorial representation featured on the card. What happens when one pauses to consider the red coloration of the Tyrannosaurus rex gular region, the possible phallus between the animal’s legs, or the choice of a low-angle perspective? What happens to that which is not represented: plants, rivers, insects, or other dinosaurs? The representation produces effects not only through what it shows, but also through absences and silences.
In the article, deconstruction does not consist in the application of an external procedure to the Tyrannosaurus rex representation. Rather, the reading accompanies the deconstruction already under way within the card, following the instabilities that operate there and prevent the definitive closure of meaning.
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Human Arenas
The aim of this journal concerns the interdisciplinary study of higher psychological functions (as topic of a general theory of psyche from the perspective of cultural psychology) in human goal-oriented liminal phenomena in ordinary and extraordinary life conditions.
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