Tobacco use is considered as one of the hidden epidemics of the 21st century. Despite many efforts at policy level, tobacco use still remain one of the key factors for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Globally around eight million people die due to tobacco consumption while daily people are diagnosed with lung cancer, COPD, cardiovascular diseases etc., with main factor being the tobacco consumption. Tobacco prevalence range between and within regions and countries as well as between male and female gender. Tobacco uses usually starts at adolescent and continue in the later life. At global level several initiatives have been undertaken with the WHO-FCTC being one of the most important. Additionally, at national levels countries have undertaken several initiatives but with not very successful results. On the other hand, tobacco industry is putting priority in the new products such as electronic cigarettes, heated tobacco etc. These products are not considered in many regions and countries as the normal tobacco products with their taxation, availability and use being different. To some extent, healthcare systems are not performing well in the management of the tobacco use which is considered a chronic condition. Availability of new medicaments and approaches and techniques is still a problem in many settings worldwide. Combination of tobacco use and other substances is also a critical issue.

This Collection aims to discuss key strategies for management of tobacco use and the new products at local, national, regional and global level as well as to propose key measures for healthcare personnel and policymakers in order to manage key challenges. Authors from different settings and different backgrounds are invited to submit their works to this Collection. Reviews and systematic analyses and meta- analyses, original articles, policy papers and case-studies are more than welcome to be submitted.

Research areas may include but are not limited to the following:

- Tobacco consumptions

- New tobacco products

- Prevention and management of tobacco use

- Substance use

- Technology and public health

- Prevention and health promotion

Keywords: tobacco, heated tobacco, public health, health policy, prevention and health promotion

This Collection supports and amplifies research related to SDG 3.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a seriously ongoing threat to global health, occurring when bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites evolve to resist the drugs designed to kill or block them. The COVID-19 pandemic has both directly and indirectly exacerbated the problem of AMR, as the overuse of antibiotics has accelerated the development of resistance in many pathogens. COVID-19 may have subsided, but AMR continues to pose a significant risk to the effectiveness of global healthcare systems, threatening to reverse decades of progress in combating infectious diseases. The interplay between population health and AMR has become increasingly critical as healthcare practices have shifted in response to the pandemic. Understanding this relationship is essential for developing effective strategies to mitigate the impact of AMR on population health in a post-COVID context.

The motivation for launching this Collection arises from the urgent need to address the rising tide of AMR as healthcare systems grapple with the long-term effects of the pandemic. Increased antibiotic use during COVID-19 treatment, changes in healthcare access, and disruptions in public health interventions have all contributed to an environment where AMR can thrive. Moreover, the pandemic has highlighted the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to tackling AMR, involving epidemiology, policymaking, and community health initiatives. This Collection aims to provide a platform for researchers and practitioners to share insights and findings that can inform future strategies to combat AMR while considering the broader implications for population health.

This Collection aims to highlight the multifaceted nature of AMR in a post-pandemic environment. We solicit articles that investigate the particular issues provided by the pandemic in terms of AMR development and containment, examine the impact of AMR on many sectors of healthcare, and propose novel strategies to minimize resistance propagation. Submissions may include original research, policy assessments, program evaluations, and comments on the following major areas:

• Epidemiology and trends of AMR post-pandemic

• Impact of COVID-19 on antibiotic usage

• Surveillance strategies for AMR

• AMR and stewardship

• Prevention and control measures to limit AMR spread

• Policies and programs to promote antibiotic stewardship

• Economic and social implications of AMR

• Global collaboration and initiatives to tackle AMR

By addressing these critical issues, this Collection aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the emerging challenges in antimicrobial resistance in a post-pandemic world and to promote effective strategies to preserve the power of our current antimicrobials.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; COVID-19; antibiotics; global health; infectious diseases; public health; policy; prevention

This Collection supports and amplifies research related to SDG 3.