Water scarcity and flooding, intensified by climate volatility and human interventions, threaten ecosystems, economies, and communities worldwide. From prolonged droughts crippling agricultural basins to catastrophic floods overwhelming urban infrastructures, these cascading crises expose critical vulnerabilities in water resource governance. Despite advances in hydrological modeling, fundamental gaps persist in quantifying how oceanic-atmospheric oscillations modulate baseflow stability, predict compound drought-flood risks, and optimize adaptive reservoir operations amid shifting climate regimes. Bridging these knowledge chasms is imperative not only to refine forecasting precision but also to engineer socio-ecological resilience where water security intersects with climate justice.

This Collection, “Advancements in Hydrological Process Understanding and Modeling Under Climate Changes " convenes global experts in hydrology, climatology, remote sensing, and AI engineering. We seek submissions that dismantle disciplinary silos, including but not limited to:

1. AI Applications in Hydrological Modeling

2. Smart Water Project Scheduling

3. Streamflow-climate teleconnection mechanisms across continental scales

4. Quantitative partitioning of climate change vs. anthropogenic impacts on basin hydrology

5. Satellite-based assessments of terrestrial water storage dynamics

By synergizing process-based hydrology with cutting-edge computational innovation, this collection aims to transform data into actionable strategies for climate-adaptive water management. We particularly encourage contributions from high-risk regions with sparse hydrological archives and methodologies that fuse field observations, multi-model ensembles, and community-centric risk governance.

Join us in redefining water security frontiers—where climate dynamics, hydrological science, and societal needs converge. Submit your breakthroughs to shape resilient watersheds for generations ahead.

This Collection supports and amplifies research related to SDG

Keywords: Hydrological processes; Climate change; Climate teleconnections; Water resources management; Reservoir operation optimization; Artificial intelligence; Hydrological forecasting

This Collection, titled Urban Air Quality: From Observation to Mitigation, invites original research and reviews on:

• Advanced techniques in Air Pollution Monitoring

• City-specific case studies and the phenomenon of Pollution Islands

• Spatio-temporal trends of various Air Pollutants through monitoring and modelling

• Novel mitigation technologies, their effectiveness and assessment of their health and/or economic benefits

• Policy analysis and recommendations for effective Air Action Plans

Keywords: Urban Air Quality; Air Pollution Monitoring; Meteorology and Air Pollution; Low-Cost Sensors; Pollution Hotspots; Spatio-temporal Trends; Source Apportionment; Mitigation Technologies; Health Impact Assessment; Exposure Assessment; Air Quality Policy; Air Action Plans