JMCR: Clinical Minute
Adult-onset multifocal retroperitoneal plexiform neurofibromas: a case report
Jahromi M, Safari F, Nabavi A, Afrakhteh H. Adult-onset multifocal retroperitoneal plexiform neurofibromas: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports. Accepted June 29, 2026. DOI: 10.1186/s13256-026-06324-0.
Published in Neuroscience and Biomedical Research
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Adult-onset multifocal retroperitoneal plexiform neurofibromas: a case report
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Main Article Highlights
- Rare presentation: Adult-onset, multifocal, discrete retroperitoneal plexiform neurofibromas without an established diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).
- Clinical presentation: A 37-year-old woman presented with 3 months of intermittent abdominal pain and bilateral hydronephrosis; longstanding iron-deficiency anemia was considered an incidental comorbidity.
- Imaging findings: CT demonstrated multiple well-defined bilateral paraspinal and psoas soft-tissue masses compressing both ureters. MRI showed T1 isointense, T2 hyperintense, contrast-enhancing lesions, strongly favoring plexiform neurofibromas.
- Diagnostic challenge: Histopathologic confirmation and genetic testing were not obtained because the patient was lost to follow-up; therefore, the diagnosis is radiologically favored rather than pathologically confirmed.
- Clinical significance: This case expands the recognized phenotypic spectrum of plexiform neurofibromas and emphasizes the importance of multimodality imaging when evaluating unusual retroperitoneal masses.
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Journal of Medical Case Reports
This journal will consider any original case report that expands the field of general medical knowledge, and original research relating to case reports.