Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants among Oromo communities in Aseko District, Ethiopia

This study documents 70 wild edible plant species used by Oromo communities. It highlights sophisticated indigenous safety practices like fermentation and detoxification, showing WEPs are vital for food security, biodiversity, and climate adaptation in southeastern Ethiopia.
Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants among Oromo communities in Aseko District, Ethiopia
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BioMed Central
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Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants among Oromo communities in Aseko District, Arsi Zone, southeast Ethiopia - Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine

Background Wild edible plants (WEPs) contribute substantially to dietary diversity, food security, and cultural identity in rural Ethiopia. Despite their ecological, nutritional, and socioeconomic importance, they remain insufficiently documented and inadequately incorporated into national food security and biodiversity conservation policies. This study documents the diversity of WEPs and associated Oromo traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in Aseko District, Arsi Zone, southeastern Ethiopia. Methods Ethnobotanical data were collected from 206 informants (35 key informants and 171 general informants) across six kebeles representing lowland, midland, and highland agroecological zones. Data collection employed semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, guided field walks, and participant observation. Plant species were taxonomically verified using Plants of the World Online (POWO) and World Flora Online (WFO) following the APG IV classification system. Quantitative ethnobotanical indices, including Use Value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) and Fidelity Level (FL), were calculated. Descriptive statistics, Generalized Linear Modeling (GLM), and qualitative thematic analyses were used to evaluate ethnobotanical knowledge and utilization patterns. Results A total of 70 wild edible plant species belonging to 58 genera and 32 families were documented. Fabaceae (15.7%, n = 11) and Malvaceae (5.7%, n = 4) were the most represented families. Fruits (42.9%, n = 30) and famine-reserve foods (20.0%, n = 14) constituted the dominant use categories. Indigenous safety practices including ripeness assessment, boiling, roasting, and fermentation demonstrated culturally developed risk-management strategies for safe consumption. Generalized Linear Modeling revealed that older age (IRR = 1.04, p < 0.001) and key informant status (IRR = 2.15, p < 0.001) were significant positive predictors of species knowledge. Agricultural expansion (67.3%) and fuelwood extraction (52.6%) were identified as the most severe perceived threats to WEP resources. Conclusions Wild edible plants remain integral components of local food systems in Aseko District. Strengthening the protection of indigenous ecological knowledge, promoting community-based conservation initiatives, and integrating traditional safety practices into food security and biodiversity conservation policies are essential for sustaining resilient livelihoods under changing environmental conditions.

Blog Post/News & Views Summary:

Wild edible plants (WEPs) are the "hidden treasure" of many rural Ethiopian food systems. My new study, published in Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, investigates the diversity, utilization, and cultural significance of these plants among the Oromo communities in Aseko District, Arsi Zone.

🔬 Key Findings:

  • Rich Diversity: We documented 70 species across 58 genera and 32 families.

  • Indigenous Safety: The study revealed remarkable indigenous knowledge of "cultural pharmacology." Traditional techniques like roasting, boiling, and fermentation are used to neutralize toxins in species like Podocarpus falcatus and Kigelia africana, ensuring safe consumption.

  • Knowledge in Decline: Older community members possessed significantly more extensive knowledge than younger generations. This signals a critical erosion of traditional ecological knowledge that requires urgent intervention.

  • Threats: Agricultural expansion (67.3%) and fuelwood extraction (52.6%) pose the greatest threats to these resources.

🌍 Why It Matters:
WEPs are not just "famine foods"; they are strategic resources for climate adaptation, dietary diversity, and cultural identity. This research provides a baseline for integrating these species into conservation policies and community-based livelihood programs.

Read the full study: [Link to the DOI: 10.1186/s13002-026-00934-0]

Follow the Topic

Biodiversity
Life Sciences > Biological Sciences > Ecology > Biodiversity
Systematic Botany
Life Sciences > Biological Sciences > Plant Science > Plant Evolution > Systematic Botany
Earth Sciences
Physical Sciences > Earth and Environmental Sciences > Earth Sciences
Implants and Prostheses
Physical Sciences > Materials Science > Biomaterials > Biomedical Materials > Implants and Prostheses
Biodiversity
Physical Sciences > Earth and Environmental Sciences > Earth Sciences > Biogeosciences > Biodiversity

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