The Collection entitled "AI Advancements in Headache Research: Navigating the Digital Frontier” delves into the intersection of machine learning technologies and migraine research, aiming to elucidate the intricate neurological aspects of migraine disorders. This Collection focuses on how advanced machine learning algorithms and computational techniques, as well as digital twin’s solutions, are being applied to analyze vast clinical, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging datasets, uncover patterns, and discern nuanced relationships within the complex landscape of migraine-related phenomena. Researchers leverage machine learning to sift through diverse factors influencing migraines, such as genetic predispositions, environmental triggers, and individualized symptomatology. The Collection explores the transformative potential of machine learning in deciphering the multifaceted nature of migraines, shedding light on elusive patterns that traditional research methods might overlook. Moreover, the Collection would like to emphasize the role of machine learning models in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, predicting migraine occurrences, and personalizing treatment approaches. By unravelling the neurological intricacies of migraines through innovative computational methods, this thematic Collection aims to underscore the promising advancements that machine learning brings to the forefront of migraine studies, providing a deeper understanding of these disorders and paving the way for more effective interventions. Nevertheless, this Collection is open to discussing the possible ethical implications of a diagnostic-therapeutic approach based solely or partly on artificial intelligence results. The goal is to effectively and ethically improve the diagnostic quality and therapeutic approach to treating primary headaches.

All submissions in this collection undergo the journal’s standard peer review process. Similarly, all manuscripts authored by a Guest Editor(s) will be handled by the Editor-in-Chief. As an open access publication, this journal levies an article processing fee (details here). We recognize that many key stakeholders may not have access to such resources and are committed to supporting participation in this issue wherever resources are a barrier. For more information about what support may be available, please visit OA funding and support, or email OAfundingpolicy@springernature.com or the Editor-in-Chief.

The interplay between vascular mechanisms and headache, especially migraine, has long navigated through a sea of intricate and sometimes contradictory research findings, crafting a narrative that intertwines the serenity of clear connections with the tempest of unresolved queries. In this special collection, we cordially invite researchers and clinicians to sail with us into an exploration of "Vascular Triggers of Headache," in which we shall embark on a journey through the vasculature and its posited roles, shedding light on known territories and voyaging into the unexplored. The intricate tapestry of vascular causes associated with headache is rich, yet not fully unraveled. Migraine, an enigmatic and multifaceted neurological disorder, have historically been enshrouded in vascular theories, with early hypotheses anchoring its pathophysiology to cerebral vasodilation. Conversely, contemporary research has somewhat diverted from this stringent vascular focus, steering towards neuronal and neurovascular platforms. A divergence that inevitably sparks the debate: Is migraine predominantly a vascular disorder? We invite scholarly debates that weigh anchor in evidence and conjecture alike, providing a balanced scrutiny into this age-old question and its concomitant hypotheses. Comprehensive reviews that delve into vascular culprits such as cranial or cervical artery dissections, cerebral microemboli, patent foramen ovale (PFO), reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), and other vasculopathies (both genetic and acquired) will serve to both illuminate and question our current understanding, unearthing new questions and pathways for exploration. Further, we welcome original research articles that puncture through the current membrane of knowledge regarding the vascular mechanisms and headache. Innovative methodologies, exploratory studies, and research that breeches into new channels of understanding are particularly encouraged. Through this article Collection, we endeavor to create a confluence of ideas, knowledge, and curiosity. While the vascular mechanisms underlying headache and migraine remain an enigma, enveloped in a fog of partial understanding, this compilation aims to gather a fleet of scientific minds to dispel the mist and navigate towards enlightenment.