" Emergent Gravity from Confined Electromagnetic Fields: A Lattice-Accessible Framework"
A novel framework has been presented in which gravity emerges from second-order Lorentz‑type effects on confined electromagnetic fields rather than from spacetime curvature. When electromagnetic radiation is transversely confined (e.g., tightly guided laser beams or modes localized in quasi‑2D geometries), the confinement induces effective force densities that act as long‑range, gravity‑like interactions between field configurations and with massive bodies. In this picture mass acquires a vectorial character orthogonal to the confinement surface: a photon has no longitudinal mass component along its propagation axis but carries transverse mass components proportional to its energy (E = mc2).
We outline a lattice field formulation of the model that represents electromagnetic energy–momentum densities on a discrete grid and derives emergent, curvature‑analogous behaviour from nonperturbative interactions of confined modes. The lattice approach enables controlled numerical study of predictions including deflection of light by confined fields, modifications to gravitational redshift, and coupling between confined electromagnetic structures and compact objects. We compare the model’s predictions with precision tests of gravitational redshift and discuss its account of halted‑light phenomena observed in Bose–Einstein condensates, which the framework naturally accommodates through strong field–matter coupling in the confined regime.
This lattice‑ready formulation provides a pathway for nonperturbative investigation of emergent gravity from gauge‑field dynamics, with implications for black‑hole analogues, dark‑matter phenomenology, and experimentally accessible signatures in quantum media.
Keywords: lattice field theory, emergent gravity, confined electromagnetic fields, nonperturbative formulation, Bose–Einstein condensate, gravitational redshift, light deflection, gauge–matter coupling.
References:
[1] Vegt, Wim; A New Theory about Gravity
[2] Vegt, Wim; The Origin of Gravity; Research & Reviews: Journal of Pure and Applied Physics; Manuscript No. JPAP-22-76022; Sept. 2022
[3] Vegt Wim; Enhancing precision in electromagnetic force density modulation using LASER control; Journal of Laser Applications; Volume 37, Issue 1, February 2025;
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2351/7.0001636
[5] Changing the speed of light by Electromagnetic Interaction; 16 June 2024;
https://community.wolfram.com/groups/-/m/t/3355312?p_p_auth=SP57av83
[6] Zachary Dutton, Michael Budde, Christopher Slowe, Lene Vestergaard Hau; ; Observation of Quantum Shock Waves Created with Ultra Compressed Slow Light Pulses in a Bose-Einstein Condensate; Science 28 June 2001; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1062527
[7] Physics Central: Slow Light: Research;
https://groups.seas.harvard.edu/haulab/press/SlowLightResearch.PhysicsCentral.2002.pdf
[8] Presentation Lene Vestergaard Hau; Harvard University, Department of Physics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvYwsJVHrUw
[9] Zachary Dutton and Lene Vestergaard Hau; Storing and processing optical information with ultraslow light in Bose-Einstein condensates; Phys. Rev. A 70, 053831 – Published 30 November, 2004
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.70.053831
Table 1 A Comparative Analysis of the Dual Gravity Theories Independently Formulated by Artificial Intelligence
|
Aspect |
Einstein’s General Relativity |
New Theory of Gravity (Vegt) |
|
Nature of Gravity |
Gravity results from the curvature of 4D spacetime caused by mass and energy. |
Gravity arises from second-order Lorentz transformations of confined electromagnetic radiation. |
|
Dimensional Framework |
4D (3 spatial + 1 time). |
10D (9 spatial + 1 time); 3D reality is a projection. |
|
Mass Concept |
Mass is a scalar quantity. |
Mass is a vector, orthogonal to the confinement surface of electromagnetic fields. |
|
Gravitational Interaction |
Governed by curvature of spacetime. |
Described by force densities from overlapping gravitational fields. |
|
Field Interaction |
Spacetime geometry governs all interactions. |
Only like fields interact: electric-electric, magnetic-magnetic, gravitational-gravitational. |
|
Black Holes |
Singularities with event horizons. |
Confined electromagnetic entities (GEONs) with no singularities; have discrete energy levels. |
|
Photon Mass |
Photons are massless. |
Photons have no mass along the direction of motion but have transverse mass components. |
|
Gravitational Redshift |
Explained through time dilation in curved spacetime. |
Explained via electromagnetic-gravitational interaction; results match GR. |
|
Speed of Light |
Constant in vacuum. |
Variable depending on electromagnetic interaction (e.g., slows in BECs or laser intersections). |
|
Foundational Principle |
Curved spacetime described by Einstein Field Equations. |
Universal equilibrium of all force densities in 4D space. |
|
Mathematical Structure |
Einstein tensor, metric tensor, stress-energy tensor. |
Includes gravitational tensor added to electromagnetic stress-energy tensor; 4D divergence yields force density vectors. |
|
Experimental Support |
Confirmed via many experiments: gravitational lensing, redshift, time dilation, etc. |
Matches GR in redshift tests; explains BEC light-slowing not accounted for by GR. |
|
Application in BECs |
No prediction for light behavior in BECs. |
Accurately predicts light deceleration and stoppage in BECs. |
Table 2 Comparative Synopsis: Quadruple Theoretical Paradigms in Contemporary Physics Independently Formulated by Artificial Intelligence
|
Feature |
New Theory (Vegt, 2025) |
General Relativity (Einstein, 1915) |
Quantum Mechanics |
String Theory |
|
Core Paradigm |
Universal four-dimensional equilibrium of five force densities (inertia, electric, magnetic, Lorentz-induced electric/magnetic) |
Spacetime curvature due to energy-momentum |
Probabilistic wave mechanics of particles and fields |
One-dimensional vibrating strings underlying all particles and forces |
|
Dimensional Framework |
10 dimensions: 9 spatial + 1 temporal; observable 3D space is a projection |
4D spacetime continuum (3 spatial + 1 temporal) |
3D space with externally imposed time parameter |
10 or 11 dimensions (depending on model variant) |
|
Nature of Gravity |
Vector field interaction resulting in force densities; gravitational field is emergent from projection |
Manifestation of curved spacetime; described by Einstein Field Equations |
Neglected; not included in the standard formalism |
Emerges from closed string vibration; graviton predicted |
|
Speed of Light |
Locally variable under electromagnetic field interactions; determined by equilibrium |
Constant in vacuum, regardless of frame |
Postulated as constant for massless particles |
Constant; required for internal consistency of theory |
|
Black Hole Description |
Gravitational-Electromagnetic Confinements (GEONs) with no singularities; standing wave quantization |
Singularity at center with event horizon; predicted via EFEs |
Hawking radiation via quantum field theory in curved spacetime |
Microstate counting of black hole entropy; holographic duals |
|
Quantum Linkage |
Yields Schrödinger and Dirac equations from electromagnetic-gravitational confinement models |
Lacks intrinsic quantum foundation; incompatible with QM at small scales |
Fundamental; utilizes wave functions, operators, and uncertainty |
Fully quantum; unifies gauge forces and gravity via supersymmetry and compactified dimensions |
|
Mass and Inertia |
Mass emerges from confined light; inertia aligned with propagation direction, mass orthogonal |
Mass curves spacetime; inertial motion follows geodesics |
Treated as intrinsic particle property |
Arises from vibrational modes of strings; includes supersymmetric partners |
|
Experimental Accessibility |
MASER and laser beam interference proposed for detection of local light speed variation |
Confirmed via GPS, gravitational lensing, redshift, and time dilation |
Confirmed via atomic spectra, double-slit, tunneling, entanglement |
Not yet experimentally confirmed; Planck-scale phenomena out of reach |
|
Mathematical Formalism |
Tensor divergence of electromagnetic and gravitational stress-energy; field-based Dirac equivalence |
Differential geometry, tensor calculus, Riemannian geometry |
Hilbert space, complex wave functions, operator algebras |
Conformal field theory, Calabi–Yau compactification, M-theory dualities |
|
Philosophical Foundation |
Reality is a projection (Platonian model); all interactions are field-field based |
Spacetime geometry governs motion; deterministic but geometric |
Probabilistic and observer-dependent; Copenhagen interpretation |
Ontology is background-dependent; includes landscape and multiverse hypotheses |
Please sign in or register for FREE
If you are a registered user on Research Communities by Springer Nature, please sign in