Diagnostic impact of whole exome sequencing in neurometabolic disorders in Syrian children: a single center experience

Neurometabolic disorders in children present a complex diagnostic challenge, especially in regions affected by limited resources and high rates of consanguinity. Our research offers the first in-depth look into the use of whole exome sequencing -shedding light on the diagnostic power of genomics.
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BioMed Central
BioMed Central BioMed Central

Diagnostic impact of whole exome sequencing in neurometabolic disorders in Syrian children: a single center experience - Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases

Background Childhood neurometabolic disorders encompass a range of heterogeneous conditions often presenting with atypical or overlapping symptoms, making accurate diagnosis challenging, time-consuming, and costly. Whole exome sequencing (WES) has recently become a valuable diagnostic tool for suspected genetic or idiopathic neurometabolic disorders. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of WES in Syrian patients with neurological and metabolic disorders, marking the first report of WES outcomes in this context. Results Among 54 patients, 42 (78%) were from consanguineous families, of whom 38 (90%) had positive WES results. WES identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 28 patients (52%) and discovered 14 novel mutations. Seventeen patients (31%) had variants of uncertain significance (VUS) aligning with their clinical presentation, and nine (17%) had negative results. WES provided clinically relevant information for 45 patients (83%), with a definitive diagnosis in 28 (52%). Additionally, WES led to diagnostic changes in 45 cases (83%) and treatment alterations in 40 cases (74%). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the high diagnostic yield of WES and its substantial impact on clinical outcomes. WES has facilitated changes in diagnosis, treatment adjustments, prognostic modifications, and preventive measures, supporting its utility in undiagnosed neurometabolic diseases. This study advocates for WES in pediatric neurometabolic cases, particularly where consanguinity is present.

This study emerged from an urgent clinical need. We evaluated 54 children with unexplained neurological and metabolic symptoms at our center. Many of these patients had a history of consanguinity and had previously undergone long diagnostic journeys without clear answers. By applying WES, we identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 52% of cases and clinically relevant findings in 83%, including 14 novel mutations not previously reported.

Beyond diagnosis, WES had a direct impact on patient care:

Diagnostic reclassification occurred in 83% of cases

Treatment plans were adjusted in 74% of cases

Prognostic clarity and preventive counseling became possible for the majority of families

Our work highlights the transformative role of WES in diagnosing rare pediatric conditions, particularly in populations with high consanguinity and limited access to traditional genetic services. We hope this study encourages the integration of genomic diagnostics into neurology and pediatrics in similar settings worldwide.

We invite you to read our paper and join the conversation.

https://rdcu.be/ek5is

Follow the Topic

Pediatrics
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Clinical Medicine > Pediatrics
Neurology
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Clinical Medicine > Neurology
Metabolic Disease
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Clinical Medicine > Metabolic Disease
Genetics and Genomics
Life Sciences > Biological Sciences > Genetics and Genomics

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