Education in headache medicine, like many medical subspecialties, is continuously evolving to address the complexities and nuances of diagnosing and treating headaches. Today there are some aspects that might be missing or could be improved upon in headache medicine education. Headaches are often multifactorial and can involve various medical specialties such as neurology, internal and emergency medicine, pain medicine, clinical pharmacology, psychiatry, psychology, physical therapy, and others.

While the biological aspects of headaches are crucial, the role of psychosocial factors in headache disorders is gaining recognition. Education should incorporate training in assessing and addressing psychosocial contributors to headache disorders, such as stress, anxiety, depression, and previous history of mild head traumas. Emphasis should be also placed on teaching communication skills and patient-centered care principles to healthcare providers in reducing the perception of headaches as personal and social stigma.

Over the last five years, headache medicine has rapidly evolved into a well-defined multidisciplinary subspecialty. Education should cover the latest advances in pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and procedural therapies for headache disorders, including neuromodulation techniques, botulinum toxin injections, Calcitonin-Gene-Related-Peptide monoclonal antibodies and more recently, gepants and ditans.

Education should also address the role of lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, sleep, and stress management in headache prevention and management.

Furthermore, the increasing use of telemedicine presents both opportunities and challenges in headache medicine education. Telemedicine skills, including remote history taking, virtual physical examination techniques, and telemonitoring of treatment response should be part of a complete traineeship in headache clinical practice.

Education programs should subsequently support as second step ongoing learning through access to online workshops, peer-reviewed journals, and textbooks readings.

Scientific societies, universities, healthcare professional associations have produced many multidisciplinary educational initiatives on headaches, but despite all this, due to the enormity of the patients to be managed - more than half of the global population - it was realized that the online approach had to be prioritized to reduce costs and allow for as widespread education as possible.

One of the latest on-demand initiatives was created in Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, with a renowned global Faculty respecting the cultural, social, economic, and organizational diversity dedicated locally to a health problem as extensive as headaches are. The economic differences underlying the possibility of joining an educational program were also considered, and thus 40 full bursaries were offered to health professionals residing in Low-Medium-Income Countries.

By addressing these areas, education in Headache Medicine can better prepare healthcare providers to deliver high-quality, patient-centered care to individuals suffering from headache disorders worldwide.