Identification of crucial genes involved in thyroid cancer development

A malignancy of the endocrine system, one of the most common types, is thyroid cancer. It is proven that children who receive radiation treatment for leukemia or lymphoma are at a heightened risk of thyroid cancer due to low-dose radiation exposure throughout childhood.

Published in General & Internal Medicine

Go to the profile of Dr. Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran
Dr. Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran
Associate Professor in Genetics, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education
Identification of crucial genes involved in thyroid cancer development
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SpringerOpen
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Identification of crucial genes involved in thyroid cancer development - Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute

Background A malignancy of the endocrine system, one of the most common types, is thyroid cancer. It is proven that children who receive radiation treatment for leukemia or lymphoma are at a heightened risk of thyroid cancer due to low-dose radiation exposure throughout childhood. Several factors can increase the risk of thyroid cancer (ThyCa), such as chromosomal and genetic mutations, iodine intake, TSH levels, autoimmune thyroid disorders, estrogen, obesity, lifestyle changes, and environmental contaminants. Objectives The study aimed to identify a specific gene as an essential candidate for thyroid cancer progression. We might be able to focus on developing a better understanding of how thyroid cancer is inherited. Methods The review article uses electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central. The most frequently associated genes with thyroid cancer found on PubMed were BAX, XRCC1, XRCC3, XPO5, IL-10, BRAF, RET, and K-RAS. To perform an electronic literature search, genes derived from DisGeNET: a database of gene-disease associations, including PRKAR1A, BRAF, RET, NRAS, and KRAS, are used. Conclusion Examining the genetics of thyroid cancer explicitly emphasizes the primary genes associated with the pathophysiology of young and older people with thyroid cancer. Developing such gene investigations at the beginning of the thyroid cancer development process can identify better outcomes and the most aggressive thyroid cancers.

As we age, our endocrine system, including the thyroid gland, changes how it regulates biological functions. Establishing a physiological norm for thyroid hormone levels is challenging due to the increasing resetting of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis with age. This results in elevated levels of TSH. Thyroid carcinoma is more common among older adults, and men are more prone than women to developing these tumors aggressively. The mortality risk of thyroid carcinoma increases significantly with age from the ages of 40 to 45.This review highlights that although the link between age and thyroid cancer is still not obvious, generation continues to be a significant predictive factor for thyroid cancer. They were identifying these critical genes as potential biomarkers improves thyroid cancer patients’ early diagnosis and survival. By developing such gene investigations at the beginning of the thyroid cancer development process, we can achieve better outcomes and identify the most aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. Finally, altered thyroid function may significantly influence lifetime control via several pathways. Reduced thyroid function, in particular, may contribute to an increased lifespan.

Go to the profile of Dr. Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran
Dr. Ramakrishnan Veerabathiran
Associate Professor in Genetics, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education

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