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Investigation of Genetic Polymorphism in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Pathogenesis of the Neurodevelopmental Disorder - Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Objectives Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by stereotyped behavior and poor social interaction. Although the etiology of this illness is unknown, research clearly shows that it has a genetic foundation due to complicated inheritance. It affects about 52 million individuals worldwide. Several risk factors for autism converge into possible pathways for other neurodevelopmental diseases, with onsets occurring at various stages of development. Methods In the study’s literature review, the genes included were identified in articles published over the previous 30 years in databases such as the web of sciences, PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and other databases. Candidate genes associated with ASD are CHD8, SHANK3, SLC6A4, RELN, DISC1, and ITGB3. Results Several prenatal risk factors cause neurological vulnerability, which increases the probability of autism and other neurodevelopmental problems. Genomic research has allowed tremendous progress in discovering ASD risk genes during the last decade. Recent technological advancements have demonstrated that certain genetic mutations and modifications may serve as useful biological markers, risk indicators, and therapeutic targets for illnesses. Conclusions In large cohorts, high-throughput next-generation sequencing uncovers a varied and complicated genetic landscape of new risk genes. More studies are needed to understand better the environmental variables that play a crucial role in disease development. Currently, there is less clinical data to support the function of ASD. However, the prevailing research facts for many researched ASD new candidate genes support their links and identify ASD etiologic processes for establishing an early diagnostic marker.