This article collection has been inspired by the work presented at the SDO 2025 Science Workshop held in Boulder, CO, from February 17 to 21, 2025. This issue will primarily focus on highlighting advancements in our understanding of the Sun during Solar Cycles 24 and 25. While SDO data and science is central to this collection, given their extensive coverage across various spatial and temporal scales, contributions utilizing data from other observatories, theoretical models, and simulations are also encouraged.

We invite research submissions that explore how enhanced data and advanced modeling from Solar Cycles 24 and 25 have deepened our understanding of the solar magnetic fields, internal dynamics, and solar activity. Of particular interest are studies demonstrating how these studies have improved activity predictions and space weather forecasting.

This topical collection is not a conference proceeding, and it is not limited to research presented at the workshop.

A collection of articles on applications of machine learning techniques in solar and heliophysics, such as solar feature detection and solar event classification, solar cycle prediction, space weather forecasting, etc.

While the Living Review "Machine learning in solar physics" (13 July 2023) serves as a general introduction to the topic, we encourage authors to submit their work on specific applications of machine learning methods, neural networks, and deep learning techniques in solar and heliophysics to the journal Solar Physics.