Impact of nutrition counseling on dietary improvements, glycemic control, and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus
Published in Healthcare & Nursing, General & Internal Medicine, and Public Health
Background
Pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) poses significant risks for both mothers and their infants, including macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycemia. Nutrition management is a key component of prenatal diabetes care, yet its real-world effectiveness in Asian clinical settings remains underexplored.
Study Overview
This retrospective study analyzed electronic medical charts from a tertiary medical center to assess how individualized nutrition counseling influenced dietary behavior, glycemic control, and neonatal outcomes in women with PGDM. Participants received structured dietary guidance provided by registered dietitians as part of multidisciplinary prenatal care.
Main Findings
After counseling, participants demonstrated marked improvements in dietary balance and nutrient intake. Consumption of vegetables, dairy products, and whole grains increased significantly, aligning more closely with national dietary guidelines.
Glycemic control also improved: both fasting and postprandial glucose levels decreased following dietary intervention, suggesting enhanced adherence to meal planning and carbohydrate distribution.
Importantly, positive changes in maternal nutrition were associated with better neonatal outcomes. The incidence of large-for-gestational-age infants and neonatal hypoglycemia declined among women who followed nutrition recommendations consistently. These findings highlight the clinical value of personalized nutrition counseling as a non-pharmacological approach to optimize pregnancy management in women with preexisting diabetes.
Implications for Practice
This study emphasizes that nutrition counseling should be an integral part of routine prenatal care for women with PGDM. Early referral to dietitians allows timely dietary modification and supports multidisciplinary coordination among obstetricians, endocrinologists, and nutrition professionals.
Beyond glycemic control, improving maternal diet quality contributes to healthier birth outcomes and long-term metabolic benefits for both mother and child. Our findings provide evidence-based support for the implementation of structured nutrition services in tertiary hospitals and diabetes-in-pregnancy clinics across Asia.
Reference
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
This is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of pregnancy and childbirth. It welcomes submissions on the biomedical aspects of pregnancy, breastfeeding, labor, maternal health, maternity care, trends and sociological aspects of pregnancy and childbirth.
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