This research paper focuses on the identification of suitable sites for farm ponds in the drought-prone Lower Bindusara Watershed of Beed District, Maharashtra. Farm ponds serve as a critical water conservation measure, particularly in semi-arid regions, by capturing and storing rainwater for agricultural and domestic use. The study emphasizes the importance of sustainable water management to mitigate the challenges posed by recurring droughts and water scarcity in the region.

The study developed a Farm Pond Suitability Index (FPSI) algorithm using geospatial technologies such as Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and employed a multi-criteria analysis approach to evaluate the suitability of locations for farm ponds. Key parameters considered include Slope, Soil Depth, Soil Texture, land use/land cover, Geomorphology, Lithology, Lineament Density, Groundwater Potential Zones, drainage density, and rainfall patterns. These factors were integrated into a weighted overlay model to generate a suitability map for farm pond locations within the watershed.

The findings reveal a set of highly suitable areas for farm pond construction, offering actionable insights for policymakers, planners, and local stakeholders. By strategically implementing farm ponds in these identified areas, the region can significantly improve water retention, reduce runoff, and enhance agricultural productivity. Additionally, the study underscores the role of farm ponds in preventing land degradation, supporting sustainable livelihoods, and promoting resilience against climate variability.

This research highlights the effectiveness of geospatial tools in addressing water management challenges in drought-prone areas. It provides a replicable framework for similar studies in other regions facing water scarcity. The outcomes aim to guide future decision-making processes and contribute to long-term water security and agricultural sustainability in the Lower Bindusara Watershed and beyond.