Probing the existence of ultralight bosons with a single gravitational-wave measurement

Using gravitational waves to search for light bosonic particles.
Published in Astronomy
Probing the existence of ultralight bosons with a single gravitational-wave measurement
Like

Share this post

Choose a social network to share with, or copy the URL to share elsewhere

This is a representation of how your post may appear on social media. The actual post will vary between social networks

Astroparticle physics, a field that has boomed since the 2000s, aims to learn about elementary particles through astrophysical observations. One focus of this field has been the study of bosons in very light mass regime -- an exciting area of research that has seen rapid developments with the improved understanding of the coupling between long quantum wavelength and astrophysical systems.

Extremely light particles will have long quantum wavelengths, allowing them to exhibit quantum behaviour on a large scale that would not be possible for typical, more massive particles. These particles could potentially solve -- for example -- the core-cusp problem of galaxies, where they could explain observed galactic cores (as opposed to theoretical cusps) due to quantum smoothening of their density on the scale of their wavelengths. Other interesting light boson candidates such as dilatons and moduli, and types of axion-like particles, could offer potential solutions to various problems in fundamental physics and cosmology.

The first common challenge in astroparticle physics involves finding sources that produce measurable particle signatures. The second challenge usually requires discriminating these signatures from other astrophysical sources (e.g., pulsars could mimic gamma-ray signatures from WIMPs). However, it would appear that ultralight bosons may be able to overcome both these challenge.

Indeed, if these light bosons exist, then they spin down rotating black holes of sizes roughly equivalent to their quantum wavelengths and create highly dense "clouds" of matter around them. This happens through a well-understood process called "superradiance." The shape of these clouds is related to the now spun-down black hole geometry, enabling us to predict the cloud profile theoretically.

When a smaller compact object inspirals the cloud within the gravitational geometry of the host, it emits gravitational waves. These waves allow us to not only predict the profile by extension of recording the host geometry but also to measure it directly. By obtaining both a prediction and a direct measurement, we can test if the direct measurement matches its theoretical prediction. By doing so, we could obtain stringent evidence for the existence of these bosons, rule out other sources that could mimic the signal and measure the boson mass.

Ultralight boson cloud
An ultralight bosonic cloud around a massive black hole orbited by a small compact object emitting gravitational waves. Artistic illustration by Antonio Mati.

We illustrate the methodology for such a test through model-selection by mapping our system to three independent measurements of the ultralight boson mass. We also show that this type of measurement is possible using observations of extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) by the forthcoming Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA).

Link to full paper with details.

Please sign in or register for FREE

If you are a registered user on Research Communities by Springer Nature, please sign in

Follow the Topic

Astronomy, Cosmology and Space Sciences
Physical Sciences > Physics and Astronomy > Astronomy, Cosmology and Space Sciences

Related Collections

With collections, you can get published faster and increase your visibility.

Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals

The year 2023 marks the mid-point of the 15-year period envisaged to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, targets for global development adopted in September 2015 by all United Nations Member States.

Publishing Model: Hybrid

Deadline: Ongoing

Wind, water and dust on Mars

In this Collection, we bring together recent work, and invite further contributions, on the nature and characteristics of the Martian surface, the processes at play, and the environmental conditions both in the present-day and in the distant past.

Publishing Model: Hybrid

Deadline: Ongoing