Systematic review of mental health problems and migration stressors among Kurdish migrants in western host countrie

Kurds are among the world’s largest stateless peoples and have experienced decades of conflict, persecution, and displacement. Yet no comprehensive review had focused on the mental health of Kurdish migrants in Western host countries.
Systematic review of mental health problems and migration stressors among Kurdish migrants in western host countrie
Like

Share this post

Choose a social network to share with, or copy the URL to share elsewhere

This is a representation of how your post may appear on social media. The actual post will vary between social networks

Explore the Research

SpringerLink
SpringerLink SpringerLink

Systematic review of mental health problems and migration stressors among Kurdish migrants in western host countries - Discover Mental Health

Objectives This systematic review aimed to evaluate the mental health outcomes of Kurdish migrants, with particular attention to the prevalence of psychological disorders and the impact of pre- and post-migration stressors. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar according to the PRISMA guidelines. The strategy combined medical subject headings (MeSH) and relevant keywords on Kurdish migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, and mental health. The search yielded 132 records, of which 15 studies met the eligibility criteria, representing a total of 5,319 participants. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results Following migration and resettlement in host countries, Kurdish migrants were found to experience high rates of PTSD (36.9%), depression (36.3%), and anxiety (27.7%), together with additional difficulties such as insomnia, fatigue, and suicidal ideation. Pre-migration was most often driven by war and political oppression (81.1%), violence and persecution (60.7%), and economic hardship (59.1%). Post-migration stressors included family separation (47%), discrimination and violence (51.4%), isolation and loneliness (51.7%), economic difficulties (40%), fear of deportation (21%), and other problems (30%). Conclusion As one of the largest stateless and historically persecuted populations, Kurds experience distinctive challenges in their migration journeys. Their significant burden of mental health problems underscores the need for culturally tailored and trauma-informed interventions that address both displacement experiences and barriers to integration in host societies, as well as during deportation and reintegration into their home countries.

Why we wrote this

Kurds are one of the world’s largest stateless peoples. Many have faced war, persecution, and repeated displacement. Yet their mental-health needs in Western host countries are rarely synthesized in one place. Our goal was simple: bring together what the research shows so services and policymakers can respond better.

What the research says in plain language

Across the studies we reviewed, totaling 5,319 participants, Kurdish migrants commonly experience substantial psychological distress after resettlement. Reported rates were about 37% for PTSD, 36% for depression, and 28% for anxiety alongside insomnia, fatigue, and, in some cases, suicidal thoughts. These levels reflect both past trauma and new stressors after arrival.

Before migration

Most people left because of war and political oppression, violence and persecution, and economic hardship. These are not abstract labels; they translate into lived experiences of fear, loss, and disruption that shape mental health for years.

After migration

Trauma doesn’t end at the border. Many face discrimination, isolation and loneliness, family separation, economic difficulties, and fear of deportation. These chronic stressors can sustain or worsen mental-health problems if left unaddressed.

What needs to change

  • Care that fits culture and context. Kurdish-language support, trusted community spaces, and services co-designed with Kurdish organizations can reduce stigma and improve engagement.

  • Legal and social help alongside clinical care. Link mental-health services with legal aid, housing, employment, and family-reunification pathways; these determinants strongly influence recovery.

  • Continuity when status is uncertain. For those facing return, plans for continuity of care and cross-border referrals are essential.

What surprised us

Despite different host-country policies, high distress appeared consistently. Legal uncertainty especially fear of deportation was a recurring theme linked to anxiety and sleep problems.

Where we go from here

We need longitudinal studies, better measurement of post-migration stressors, and interventions that integrate mental-health care with settlement services. Most importantly, Kurdish communities should be partners not just participants in designing solutions.

Please sign in or register for FREE

If you are a registered user on Research Communities by Springer Nature, please sign in

Follow the Topic

Clinical Psychology
Humanities and Social Sciences > Behavioral Sciences and Psychology > Clinical Psychology

Your space to connect: The Psychedelics Hub

A new Communities’ space to connect, collaborate, and explore research on Psychotherapy, Clinical Psychology, and Neuroscience!

Continue reading announcement

Related Collections

With Collections, you can get published faster and increase your visibility.

Promoting Student Mental Wellbeing: Innovative Approaches in Higher Educational Settings

The mental health and wellbeing of students have become a priority concern in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly altered educational environments globally. The transition to hybrid learning, increased social isolation, and digital fatigue have compounded pre-existing challenges faced by university students. These stressors underscore the urgent need for systemic, preventive, and culturally adaptable strategies that foster mental resilience and emotional wellbeing.

This Collection explores preventive, digital, and culturally sensitive interventions to promote student mental wellbeing in post-pandemic educational environments. It seeks to generate global evidence and best practices that support mental health integration across school and university systems, particularly through cross-cultural and cross-sectoral approaches. Emphasis will be placed on:

• Preventive approaches that promote mental health and emotional resilience at the institutional, interpersonal, and individual levels;

• Integration of digital mental health interventions, such as mobile health applications, tele-counselling, and AI-based wellbeing platforms within educational ecosystems;

• Cross-cultural comparative studies that examine how different educational systems and cultural settings conceptualize and address student mental wellbeing;

• Equity-focused interventions targeting underserved and vulnerable student populations, including those from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), remote regions, and marginalized communities.

By synthesizing innovations from diverse global contexts, especially those emerging in resource-constrained settings, this Collection aims to foster dialogue, inspire policy reform, and support the development of scalable, inclusive, and sustainable mental health solutions for higher educational institutions.

Keywords:students wellbeing, positive mental health, colleges, universities, higher education institutions, post-pandemic education, preventive mental health, digital interventions, innovative approaches

Publishing Model: Open Access

Deadline: Feb 28, 2026

The Mental Health of Athletes: Challenges, Insights, and Innovations

Athletes, whether adolescents or adults, amateurs or professionals, face numerous mental health challenges. Key issues include performance pressure, anxiety over injuries and career uncertainties, risks of overtraining and burnout, and the psychological impact of social media and identity struggles. Despite growing awareness in the sports community, comprehensive understanding and support systems for athlete mental health remain incomplete.

This research topic aims to advance knowledge by inviting diverse, multidisciplinary studies that address critical gaps and offer practical solutions. Contributions will explore a wide spectrum of issues, including epidemiological studies, innovative intervention strategies, cultural and societal dimensions, technological advancements, and policy implications. Our goal is to foster a deeper understanding of athlete mental health and translate research into actionable outcomes that benefit athletes, coaches, organizations, and communities worldwide.

We welcome various article types, including original research, reviews, systematic reviews, clinical trials, case reports, perspectives, short communications, theoretical papers, opinions, and study protocols.

Suggested topics include, but are not limited to:

• Epidemiological Studies and Risk Factor Analysis

• Intervention Strategies: Psychological, Social, and Technological Approaches

• Cross-Cultural and Societal Dimensions

• Mental Health Across Competition Levels and Career Stages

• The Role of Technology in Mental Health Monitoring and Support

• Policy, Organizational, and Institutional Frameworks

• Emerging Themes and Novel Perspectives

Through this collection, we hope to build a rich body of knowledge that drives meaningful change in athlete mental health support and advocacy.

Keywords:Mental Health; Athletes; Challenges; Support Systems; Intervention Strategies; Cultural Perspectives; Technology Integration; Policy Approaches; Burnout and Overtraining; Social Media Impact

Publishing Model: Open Access

Deadline: Dec 31, 2025