The association of body composition and fat distribution with dysmobility syndrome in community-dwelling older adults

Dysmobility Syndrome (DS) is defined by clinical risk factors for functional disability, including osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. This study examines the association between fat distribution and DS risk in older adults.
The association of body composition and fat distribution with dysmobility syndrome in community-dwelling older adults
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The association of body composition and fat distribution with dysmobility syndrome in community-dwelling older adults: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program - BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background and objective Dysmobility Syndrome (DS) is characterized as an accumulation of clinical risk factors for functional disability, such as osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. Neurological disorders that affect the motor and sensory systems can also contribute to the condition, resulting in gait and muscle strength disturbances, as well as a history of falls and fractures. The study aimed to determine the association between fat distribution in different body areas and the odds of older adults developing DS, as there is still uncertainty about the accumulation of fat in which area is most closely linked to the condition. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted according to the data from the second phase of the Bushehr Elderly Health Cohort (BEH). Dysmobility Syndrome was defined based on the co-occurrence of at least three outcomes of its criteria. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric studies. For evaluating the relationship, multivariate logistic regression and adjusted univariate linear regression were used. Results Of 2,359 who were recruited in the study, 1,277 participants (54.13%) had DS. According to the final logistic regression model in the limb region, FM and FM to FFM ratios were significantly associated with DS [OR (95%CI) = 1.04 (1.02 to 1.05), and 3.42 (1.95 to 5.99), respectively]. Also, In the trunk region, the FM and FM to FFM ratio were significantly related to the odds of DS, although this relationship was weaker than in the limbs region [OR (95%CI) = 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03), and 2.45 (1.36 to 4.39), respectively]. Conclusion Our findings indicate that a higher regional and whole-body amount of fat mass rather than fat-free mass is closely linked to an increased risk of DS, particularly in the elderly population. Notably, higher fat mass in the limbs (especially in the legs) is associated with greater odds of DS, while a higher android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio is associated with lower DS risk. Screening fat mass distribution in older individuals can be a valuable strategy for promptly diagnosing DS, implementing interventions to prevent disabilities, and improving their quality of life.

Dysmobility Syndrome (DS) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of clinical risk factors for functional disability, including osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. Additionally, neurological disorders affecting the motor and sensory systems can contribute to DS, leading to gait disturbances, muscle weakness, and an increased risk of falls and fractures. Despite the known impact of body composition on DS, the role of fat distribution in different body regions remains unclear.

This study aimed to investigate the association between regional fat mass distribution and the likelihood of DS in older adults. Conducted as part of the second phase of the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Cohort, this cross-sectional study defined DS based on the presence of at least three criteria associated with the syndrome. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometric measurements, while multivariate logistic regression and adjusted univariate linear regression analyses were applied to explore these relationships.

Among 2,359 participants, 1,277 individuals (54.13%) were diagnosed with DS. The final logistic regression model revealed a significant association between DS and both fat mass (FM) and the FM-to-fat-free mass (FFM) ratio in the limbs region, with stronger associations observed in this region compared to the trunk. Specifically, higher fat mass in the limbs, particularly in the legs, was associated with increased odds of DS. Conversely, a higher android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio was linked to a lower risk of DS.

These findings highlight the critical role of regional fat distribution in DS risk among older adults. Our results suggest that monitoring fat mass, particularly in the limbs, may serve as an effective strategy for early DS detection and intervention. By implementing targeted screening and preventive measures, healthcare professionals can reduce disability risks and improve the quality of life in aging populations.

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Biomedical Research
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Biomedical Research
Public Health
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Public Health
Fat Metabolism
Life Sciences > Biological Sciences > Physiology > Metabolism > Fat Metabolism
Disability Studies
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Health Care > Quality of Life Research > Disability Studies

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