The global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is alarming, with profound gender and ethnic disparities. Women are more likely to be underdiagnosed and undertreated, while ethnic minorities, including African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, American Indians, and those in underserved communities, bear a disproportionate burden of CVD. Socioeconomic factors, inadequate healthcare access, and cultural barriers exacerbate these disparities. These disparities are not only a reflection of biological differences but also encompass a complex interplay of social determinants, healthcare access, and cultural factors. Understanding these dimensions is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies aimed at mitigating cardiovascular health inequalities. To bridge these gaps, rigorous research, robust data collection, and effective dissemination of findings are imperative in identifying these drivers.

This Collection will provide a platform for experts to share their research, insights, and solutions to address these pressing issues. We believe this Collection will contribute significantly to the ongoing conversation on health disparities and inform strategies to reduce the burden of CVD. We invite researchers and scientists to submit their original work to our Collection focused on gender and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular health and diseases. This Collection will contribute significantly to our understanding of the complex relationships between gender, ethnicity, and cardiovascular health outcomes and provide valuable insights into the drivers of these disparities and inform strategies for improvement.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

- Gender differences in cardiovascular disease prevalence

- Ethnic disparities in treatment outcomes

- Sociocultural influences on cardiovascular health

- Impact of social determinants on heart disease risk

- Community-based interventions for at-risk populations

Keywords: Cardiovascular Disease Disparities, Gender and Ethnic Disparities in Health, Healthcare Access and Outcomes, Cardiovascular Health Equity, Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease

This Collection supports and amplifies research related to SDG 3.

Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) and related conditions remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These include two major categories: non-communicable chronic diseases—such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes mellitus—and external causes, including accidents and violence. In parallel, advances in laboratory sciences and the growing field of precision medicine have opened new possibilities for early diagnosis, risk stratification, and personalized management. These approaches aim not only to identify individuals at greater risk of developing NCDs, but also to monitor disease progression and the emergence of complications or comorbidities. In this context, innovative laboratory methods and novel biomarkers are urgently needed to enhance disease detection and surveillance strategies. We therefore invite researchers to submit original articles, reviews, and case studies addressing the role of precision medicine in improving the surveillance and clinical management of chronic non-communicable diseases and their progression.

Keywords: Non-communicable chronic diseases; disease aggravation; biomarkers; laboratory methods; epidemiological aspects; individual risk classification; precision medicine; health promotion; surveillance; innovative laboratory approaches.