AI-generated avatars in education and business ethics: What do students think?
Published in Education and Business & Management
AI text-to-video creation is already big business for commercial learning and development, particularly for generating training videos. The video process offers efficiencies and is easy to update in multiple languages, without needing human actors, cameras and microphones, or media expertise. Our research considers the ethical implications of using such commercial AI software in educational video.
In focus groups, we asked for students’ perceptions and experiences of AI-generated avatars in a module about business ethics. The transcripts of these discussions were analysed with a systematic inductive research approach to thematic development, as proposed by Gioia et al. (2021).
Student perceptions and experiences
We found that students are immersed in and largely accepting of technology, including AI, and are at times unaware of its use. This trend seems likely to continue as AI avatar technology becomes better at mimicking human gestures and expressions.
Students had mixed reactions towards AI avatars. While some students appreciated the innovative approach, others were less impressed, highlighting the complex and contextual nature of integrating AI into teaching and learning.
On the one hand, students liked the idea of customisable avatars, already popular in gaming. Students suggested avatars could respond to questions and offer personalised learning pathways. Such avatars may also have the potential to engage students more because of their emotional connection, which in online learning environments is sometimes lacking.
The future of AI-generated avatars in education
Our findings suggest a cautious approach towards integrating AI avatars. Students viewed educational videos not just as sources of information but as platforms for social communication. In remote learning scenarios, teachers' video presentations become critical in establishing their presence and building relationships with students.
Video content generated with AI is more engaging when it has a pedagogical purpose and includes human and nonhuman interaction. If learning is just about acquiring knowledge, AI avatars might even be preferred in some contexts. However, students value the human touch, the conversational insights and idiosyncrasies of their human teachers. The future of learning lies in more active participation and a collaborative approach, where AI enhances, rather than replaces, the irreplaceable human elements of teaching.
This research brings us to ethical questions about using AI in education that are yet to be addressed. What types of generated AI content are suited to which contexts? How transparent is it? How to acknowledge the sources of AI-generated content? It is more important than ever that educators ask these ethical questions of AI use, to better shape the learning experiences of today and tomorrow.
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Postdigital Learning Design for Human Flourishing in Higher Education
What does it mean to design for a life well-lived? As students and teachers in higher education continue to navigate the entanglements of digital technologies, ecological crisis, and deep social inequity, this question has never been more urgent or more difficult to answer. The dominant frameworks of learning design have long been shaped by economic imperatives: optimising outcomes, maximising efficiency, preparing graduates for the labour market. Yet something essential is missing. If learning design is the practice of intentionally creating conditions for learning (Carvalho and Yeoman 2023), we must ask: conditions for what kind of learning, and in service of what kind of life?
Postdigital learning design oriented toward human flourishing offers a lens through which to approach these questions. Postdigital scholarship foregrounds the deep entanglement of technological, biological, social, and informational systems in which contemporary learning is always already embedded (Jandrić et al. 2018). The challenges reshaping education today call for open, generative, and responsive approaches to learning design for human flourishing.
A neo-Aristotelian perspective establishes the role of practical wisdom as the central integrating capacity for human flourishing (Rasmussen 1999), while in the Sufi mystical tradition, human flourishing is primarily a spiritual quest (Chittick 1984). South American indigenous perspectives on human flourishing refer to humans living in equilibrium and harmony with the community and the natural environment (Takuá 2018), and the traditional design knowledges of the First Australians centre on the interconnection of people, animals and environments (Page and Memmott 2021). Designing for human flourishing requires creating conditions for what cannot be engineered; only encountered. The purpose of this Special Issue is therefore to critically examine how postdigital learning design can be reimagined with human flourishing as one of its core principles (Wardak et al. 2026). We welcome theoretical and empirically driven papers that address, but are not limited to, the following themes:
- human flourishing as a principle of learning design
- regenerative approaches to learning design
- design justice, equity, and whose flourishing counts
- relational, communal, and ecological dimensions of learning design
- critique, resistance, and repair
- non-Western, Indigenous, and cross-cultural perspectives on human flourishing
- entanglement and socio-material relations
- community, belonging, and collective flourishing
- navigational capacity, student agency, and future-making
- postdigital learning design for human flourishing across cultural and global contexts
Important Dates
- 1 September 2026 – Deadline for abstracts (700 words)
- 15 December 2026 – Deadline for full papers
- 1 February 2027 – Deadline for reviewer feedback
- 1 April 2027 – Deadline for final submission of revised articles
Abstracts, and all other enquiries are due by 1 September 2025 by emailing Dewa Wardak
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Submissions are by call for papers (open call). After acceptance of their abstract, invited authors should submit their papers through the journal’s Online Manuscript Submission System, SNAPP. Please note that paper submissions via email are not accepted.
Authors are asked to prepare their manuscripts according to the journal’s standard Submission Guidelines.
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- When submitting your paper in SNAPP, please select “SI: Postdigital Learning Design for Human Flourishing in Higher Education” through Collection selection in the Author’s Questionnaire
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References
Carvalho, L., & Yeoman, P. (2023). Postdigital Learning Design. In P. Jandrić (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Postdigital Science and Education. Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35469-4_38-1.
Chittick, W. C. (1984). The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Jandrić, P., Knox, J., Besley, T., Ryberg, T., Suoranta, J., & Hayes, S. (2018). Postdigital Science and Education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 50(10), 893–899. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2018.1454000.
Page, A., & Memmott, P. (2021). Design: Building on Country. Port Melbourne: Thames & Hudson.
Rasmussen, D. B. (1999). Human Flourishing and the Appeal to Human Nature. Social Philosophy and Policy, 16(1), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052500002235.
Takuá, C. (2018). Teko Porã, o Sistema Milenar Educativo de Equilíbrio. Rebento, 9, 5-8. https://www.periodicos.ia.unesp.br/index.php/rebento/article/view/266. Accessed 29 April 2026.
Wardak, D., Wilson, S., Carvalho, L., & Thibaut Páez, P. (2026). Postdigital Learning Design for Human Flourishing. Postdigital Science and Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-026-00650-8.
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Deadline: Dec 15, 2026
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