Kant’s Intellectual Heritage in Latvia
Published in Social Sciences
When we speak about a philosopher’s influence, we usually measure it in terms of doctrines, schools, and followers. Yet in the case of figures such as Immanuel Kant, their influence extends beyond philosophy as an academic discipline. It takes shape in collective memory through legends, monuments, and public narratives that reveal how philosophical authority is culturally preserved and reinterpreted.
At the international forum "Reason in Riga" in 2024, which commemorated the 300th anniversary of Kant in Riga, I delivered a speech focused on the subject of my monograph, the Tartu School of Personalism (Hiršs 2022). I revisited the intricate and often contradictory connection between Kant's philosophy and late German Idealism. I spoke about Gustav Teichmüller (1832–1888), who played a key role in transmitting Kant’s thought in the Baltic states. Teichmüller harshly criticized Kant and Neo-Kantianism; yet, during his time as a professor at the University of Tartu, he conducted seminars on Kant’s works. He mentored Jēkabs Osis (1860–1910), the first Latvian philosopher, who continued the tradition of reading and discussing Kant's works with students after his teacher's passing (Hiršs 2024).
Kant’s presence in Latvia includes curious and revealing distortions. In my presentation at the forum, I mentioned as a curiosity the fact that the catalogue of the National Library of Latvia lists Kant as the author of “A Truthful Account of My Journey to Heaven” (Wahrheitsgetreuer Bericht über meine Reise in den Himmel), a satirical work describing Kant’s imagined journey to heaven and his debates with ancient Greek philosophers. The text was in fact anonymously published by Teichmüller in 1877, with authorship deliberately attributed to Kant. The Library of the Deutsches Historisches Museum (Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Museums) included it in an exhibition on historical Fake News a few years ago (Lenz). Teichmüller’s ruse found its way into the catalogues of several libraries, including the National Library of Latvia.
False attribution of authorship is not the only oddity revealed by Kant’s current presence in the Latvian public space. For years, a legend has circulated that Kant personally visited Latvia. According to one version, he came to visit his brother, Johann Heinrich Kant, a Lutheran pastor in Vecsaule (Altrahden), a small village in southern Latvia. Another claims that Kant travelled to Liepāja (Libau) to supervise the final corrections of “Critique of the Power of Judgment”, published there in 1790 by the firm “Lagarde und Friedrich”. In 2011, a commemorative plaque was installed at the site where the publishing house once stood.
In our article “Kant’s intellectual heritage in the public spaces of Latvia”, my co-authors and I examine these stories as expressions of symbolic meaning. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic capital, we analyze how Kant’s name has functioned as a marker of prestige and cultural legitimacy across academic research, public monuments, media discourse, and literature over the past two decades.
Assessing the influence of a philosopher is never straightforward. By shifting attention from doctrines to public memory, this article shows how Kant’s authority continues to circulate, transform, and acquire new meanings beyond philosophy as an academic discipline.
Lenz, Charlotte „Von Kriegern, Kosmos und Krabbeltieren“ Eine Ausstellung zu historischen Fake News in der DHM-Bibliothek https://www.dhm.de/sammlung/bibliothek/virtrinenausstellung-archiv/von-kriegern-kosmos-und-krabbeltieren/
Hiršs, Andris 2022. Person and Personalism: Enduring the Collapse of Idealism. The First Latvian Philosopher Jēkabs Osis. Rīga: LU Akadēmiskais apgāds.
https://www.google.lv/books/edition/Persona_un_person%C4%81lisms/NdUI0AEACAAJ?hl=lv
Hiršs, Andris (2024). Influence of personalism on Latvian theory up to the early twentieth century: substantiality and panentheism. Studies in East European Thought. doi:10.1007/s11212-024-09678-7
Teichmüller, Gustav 1877. Wahrheitsgetreuer Bericht über meine Reise in den Himmel: verfaßt von Immanuel Kant. Gotha: Friedrich Andreas Perthes.
Andris Hiršs received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 2020 from the University of Latvia, defending the doctoral thesis “Jēkabs Osis and the Tartu School of Personalism.”
Since 2024, he has been a Leading Researcher at the Institute of Arts and Cultural Studies, Latvian Academy of Culture. His articles have been published in international peer-reviewed journals such as Studies in East European Thought, Problemos, Religious-Philosophical Articles, and Trames.
His doctoral dissertation, published as the monograph Person and Personalism: Enduring the Collapse of Idealism (University of Latvia Press, 2022), was awarded by the Latvian Academy of Sciences as one of the best achievements in the annual Science Achievements’ Competition.
Hiršs’s research focuses on the history of ideas, particularly the historiography of Latvian philosophy and personalism. He currently serves as an Associate Professor at the Latvian Academy of Culture, where he teaches courses on critical thinking, the genealogy of ideas, and the history of philosophy. He is also a visiting professor at the Latvian National Defence Academy and Riga Technical University.
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