Quantum entanglement, famously exemplified by the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox, is often described as "spooky action at a distance" [1, 2]. This phrase underscores the profound correlation and mutual causality between two entangled components, A and B, even when separated by large distances. Remarkably, a change in one part (A or B) triggers an immediate response in the other, allowing both to adapt and self-organize to preserve their entangled state. Such seemingly intelligent, coordinated behavior among non-living particles or photons has remained a mystery and a subject of debate in the scientific community for nearly a century.

A research team led by Mr. Leilei Shi at the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) in Hefei, Anhui, has reported uncovering the underlying mechanism of quantum-coherent entanglement in complex quantum many-body systems [3, 4]. Their interdisciplinary study integrates concepts from quantum science, financial theory, and complexity science. The findings are detailed in their paper, “Interaction Wave Functions for Interaction-Based Coherence and Entanglement in Complex Adaptive Systems,” published in the International Journal of Theoretical Physics, a Springer Nature journal [5].

Reference

1. Einstein, Albert, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen (1935): “Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?” Physical Review, 47 (May 15), 777–780.
2. Schrödinger, Erwin (1935): “Discussion of Probability Relations between Separated Systems,” Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 31(4), 555-563.
3. Zou, Xing-Yu, Li-Jun Wang, and Leonard Mandel (1991): “Induced Coherence and Indistinguishability in Optical Interference,” Physical Review Letters, 67(3), 318-321.
4. Wang, Li-Jun (Lijun), Xing-Yu Zou, and Leonard Mandel (1991): “Induced Coherence without Induced Emission,” Physical Review A, 44(7), 4614-4622.
5. Shi, Leilei, Xinshuai Guo, Wei Zhang, and Bing-Hong Wang (2025): “Interaction Wave Functions for Interaction-Based Coherence and Entanglement in Complex Adaptive Systems,” International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 64 (12), 323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-025-06172-6