Unveiling the Hidden Burden of Pertussis in Adults

Pertussis is often seen as a childhood disease, but as a pediatric resident, I endured its severe symptoms without a diagnosis. Now, working on pertussis at Sanofi, I see many adults face similar challenges. Our study highlights why adult vaccination matters and what we can do to improve uptake.
Unveiling the Hidden Burden of Pertussis in Adults
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Pertussis vaccination in adults: a behavioral study of physicians from the US, France, and Germany - BMC Primary Care

Background Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection that affects all ages, though it is most severe in young infants. Adults, especially those with respiratory conditions or other chronic illnesses can also suffer serious consequences of pertussis. Pertussis vaccination is the best method of disease prevention in a lifetime. This behavioral study aimed to assess physicians’ attitudes towards pertussis vaccination in adults and the importance of pertussis vaccination for disease prevention, especially in those with chronic illnesses, and to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult vaccination behaviors. Methods Between November 2022 and January 2023, physicians from the US, France, and Germany registered in an independent online database were contacted to participate in this study. After eligibility screening, participating physicians completed an online questionnaire addressing topics related to physician recommendations and vaccination behavior around pertussis in adults. Results Eight hundred physicians participated in the study (US: 400; France: 200; Germany: 200). Physicians’ attitudes towards pertussis vaccination in adults were broadly similar between the countries. Overall, 65% of physicians believed in the importance of vaccination against pertussis, a lower proportion than for COVID-19 (82%), influenza (81%), pneumococcal disease (76%), and tetanus (73%). Physicians considered immunocompromised adults or those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or other respiratory conditions to be at greatest risk from pertussis. Physicians estimated that two-thirds of the adult patients to whom they recommended pertussis vaccination agreed to receive it. The top reason why they felt patients did not receive pertussis vaccination as recommended was low perception of personal risk for pertussis. Physicians’ pertussis vaccination behavior was found to be similar before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions While physicians in the surveyed countries recognized the value of pertussis vaccination in adults, they ranked its importance lower than that of other adult vaccines. Physicians recognized the need to immunize vulnerable adults who are at risk of severe pertussis, such as those with asthma and/or COPD, but this awareness frequently did not result in vaccination of these priority groups, especially without official recommendations to support such vaccination in these groups.

The Untold Story of Pertussis in Adults

Pertussis isn’t just a childhood disease. Adults with respiratory conditions like asthma or COPD are particularly vulnerable, yet pertussis often goes undiagnosed. My own experience as a pediatric resident exemplifies this: I endured months of a relentless cough that wasn’t identified as pertussis.

Think pertussis: Recognizing key symptoms in adults can make all the difference in diagnosis and treatment.

When I began working on pertussis at Sanofi, I quickly realized that most prevention efforts focus on children, especially young infants who are most vulnerable to severe complications. Yet, as a pediatric resident years ago, I experienced firsthand the devastating impact of pertussis in adults—though I didn’t know it at the time.

I vividly recall the ordeal: a relentless, hacking cough that lasted over three months, making sleep impossible and causing me to vomit after coughing fits. The doctors I consulted never considered pertussis as a diagnosis. Instead, I endured a battery of tests, including chest X-rays and arterial blood gases (a procedure I wouldn’t wish on anyone), without any answers. At one point, I was convinced I had contracted PPD negative tuberculosis.

It wasn’t until much later, as I learned more about pertussis in my work, that I realized I had been battling whooping cough all along. This revelation fueled my mission to ensure that pertussis is recognized as a significant health threat—not just for infants, but for people of all ages. Like many adults then and now, I had no idea that pertussis could affect me, and neither did the doctors treating me.

The Motivation Behind the Study

This gap in awareness is why our recently published study on pertussis vaccination in adults felt so personal. We surveyed over 800 physicians across the U.S., France, and Germany to understand their attitudes and practices around adult pertussis vaccination. What we found was disheartening: while physicians acknowledged the risks for certain high-risk groups, they ranked pertussis vaccination for adults as less important than tetanus.

When was the last time anyone saw a case of tetanus?

Overcoming Barriers to Vaccination

Physicians in our study highlighted a range of barriers to vaccination, including patients’ low perception of risk. Many adults simply don’t see themselves as vulnerable to pertussis, even though they’ve likely been vaccinated against tetanus—a disease far less common than pertussis.

Logistical hurdles also create challenges. In some countries, like France, patients must navigate a multi-step process to receive a vaccine, creating delays and missed opportunities. Even in places where access is easier, vaccine fatigue and competing health priorities can still impact uptake.

For healthcare providers, lack of educational tools and reminders can make it harder to integrate pertussis vaccination into routine care. Addressing these barriers is essential to improving vaccination rates and protecting adults from pertussis.

The Path Forward

This study underscores the need for greater awareness and education about pertussis in adults. We must empower physicians to recognize pertussis as a potential diagnosis in adult patients with persistent cough and to prioritize vaccination—not only to protect individuals but also to reduce community transmission.

For me, this isn’t just about data; it’s about ensuring that no one has to endure what I went through. Violently coughing for 100 days is more than a nuisance—it’s a public health issue that deserves our attention.

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Infectious Diseases
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Clinical Medicine > Diseases > Infectious Diseases
Inactivated Vaccines
Physical Sciences > Chemistry > Biological Chemistry > Pharmaceutics > Vaccines > Inactivated Vaccines
Clinical Medicine
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Clinical Medicine
Outcomes Research
Life Sciences > Health Sciences > Biomedical Research > Clinical Research > Outcomes Research

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